ENGLISH TODAY The modern world is becoming smaller all the time.
Every day distances between different countries seem less. For this reason it's
becoming more and more important to know different languages, especially
English. One billion people speak English today. That's about
20% of the world's population. 400 million people speak English as their first
language. For the other 600 million people it's either a second language or a
foreign language. English is the first language in the United Kingdom,
the United States of America, Australia and New Zealand. It is one of the
official languages in Canada, the Irish Republic and the Republic of South
Africa. As a second language English is spoken in more than 60
countries. It is used by the government, businessmen and universities. English is the language of politics and diplomacy,
science and technology, business and trade, sport and pop music. 80% of all information in the world's computers is in
English. 75% of the world's letters and faxes are in English. 60% of all international telephone calls are made in
English. More than 60% of all scientific journals are written
in English. To know English today is absolutely necessary for
every educated person, for every good specialist. Learning a language is not an
easy thing. It's a long and slow process that takes a lot of time and patience.
But it's a must. English is taught throughout the world and a lot of
people speak it quite well. In our country English is very popular: it is
studied at schools (sometimes even at nursery schools), colleges and
universities. Everyone will speak English soon — I'm sure of it. We
all need to understand each other. To do that we need an international
language, and that's English. Names the United Kingdom [ju:,naitid 'kirjdam] Соединен- Canada ['kaenada] Канада ное Королевство
(Великобритании и Северной the Irish ['aiarij] Republic Ирландская Республика Ирландии) the Republic of South Africa Южно-Африканская Australia [os'treilia] Австралия республика New Zealand [,nju: 'zi:land] Новая Зеландия Vocabulary distance f'distans] расстояние reason [Ti:zn] причина especially [is'pefali] в особенности billion ['biljan] миллиард population [,popju'leijn] население official [a'fijal] language государственный язык government ['gAvanmant] правительство politics f'politiks] политика diplomacy [di'plaumasi] дипломатия science ['saians] наука technology [tek'noladji] техника trade [treid] торговля fax [faeks] факс scientific [saian'tifik] научный educated ['edjukeitid] образованный, культурный process ['preusas] процесс patience ['peifnsj терпение it's a must это
просто необходимо; без этого нельзя throughout [6ru:'aut] the world no всему миру nursery ['пз:зэп] school детский сад Questions 1. Why is it necessary to know English today? 2. English is a world language, isn't it? 3. How many people speak English? 4. In what countries is English the official language
(one of the official languages)? 5. Is English popular in Russia? 6. Is learning languages an easy thing? 7. When did you begin learning English? 8. How long have you been learning English? 9. Have you read any books in English? 10. Have you seen any films in English? 11. Have you ever visited an English-speaking country? 12. What other languages would you like to know? Hot Issues LIFE IN THE 21ST CENTURY We've entered a new era: the twenty-first century. Of
course, it's exciting and we are trying to predict what our life will be like
in the future. It will certainly become better — I'm sure of it. Robots will do all the dangerous and dirty work for us
and our daily life will become easier. They'll sweep the floor, dust the
furniture, wash the dishes and even cook! It doesn't mean we'll become lazier,
no. When everything is automated, we'll be able to do more creative jobs. We'll be able to call our friends on a videophone and
type up homework by talking to a small gadget that understands the human voice. Scientists (or probably computers?) will find
solutions to our most urgent problems. People will stop dying from cancer and
AIDS and will live to be 150 years old. There will be no more famine on our planet and no more
hungry children. Our cities will become cleaner, greener and safer.
We'll drive electric cars and live in houses with lots of plants and special
air-cleaning gadgets. Atmospheric pollution will be stopped and our planet
will be saved. There will be no more wars, no more criminals and no
more terrorists. People will learn to live in peace and understand each
other. We'll have more free time and longer holidays. We'll
be able to travel in space and — who knows? — one day we'll be able to spend
our holidays on Mars. I'm really optimistic about the future. After all, we
are becoming wiser. The superpowers are disarming, governments are waking
up to Green issues ... Anyway, it's up to us to look after our planet and try
to make it a better place to live. Names Mars [ma:z] Mapc Vocabulary era [lore] эра robot ['raubot] робот exciting [ik'saitiQ] волнующий dangerous f'deir^aras] опасный to predict [pri'dikt] предсказывать daily ['deili] повседневный to sweep ['swi:p] (swept) подметать to dust [d/vst] вытирать пыль furniture ['f3:nitj8] мебель lazy [leizi] ленивый to automate [-o:tameit] автоматизировать creative [krh'eitiv] творческий videophone ['vidiafaun] видеотелефон to type up ['taip 'лр] печатать gadget ['gaed3it] приспособление scientist ['saiantist] ученый solution [sa'luijn] решение urgent ['3:d3ant] неотложный cancer ['kaensa] рак AIDS[eidz] спид famine ['faemin] голод safe [self] безопасный atmospheric pollution [,setma'sferik pa'lujn] атмосферное загрязнение criminal ['kriminl] преступник terrorist ['terarist] террорист optimistic [ppti'mistik] оптимистический wise [waiz] мудрый superpower f'suipa.paua] сверхдержава to disarm [dis'a:m] разоружаться government
['gAvanmant] правительство are waking up to
начинают осознавать, понимать Green issues
[1Ju:z], ['isju:z] экологические проблемы it's up to us это
зависит от нас; это наше дело Questions 1. Are you optimistic about the future? 2. Do you believe that robots will do all the
dangerous and dirty work for us? 3. What will robots do for us? 4. Do you think children will go to school in the
future? 5. What's the difference between a telephone and a
videophone? 6. Will writing by hand become the thing of the past? 7. Why do you think people will become healthier? 8. Will our planet become cleaner or more polluted? 9. Pessimists say that one day we'll have to pay for
clean air just like we do now for clean water. Do you think it's possible? 10. Will there be wars in the future? 11. Have you ever seen an electric car? 12. Do you think the world will become more
democratic? COMPUTERS 50 years ago people didn't even heard of computers,
and today we cannot imagine life without them. Computer technology is the fastest-growing industry in
the world. The first computer was the size of a minibus and weighed a ton.
Today, its job can be done by a chip the size of a pin head. And the revolution
is still going on. Very soon we'll have computers that we'll wear on our
wrists or even in our glasses and earrings. The next generation of computers will be able to talk
and even think for themselves. They will contain electronic "neural
networks". Of course, they'll be still a lot simpler than human brains,
but it will be a great step forward. Such computers will help to diagnose
illnesses, find minerals, identify criminals and control space travel. Some people say that computers are dangerous, but I
don't agree with them. They save a lot of time. They seldom make mistakes.
It's much faster and easier to surf the Internet than to go to the library. On-line shopping makes it possible to find exactly
what you want at the best price, saving both time and money. E-mail is a great invention, too. It's faster than
sending a letter and cheaper than sending a telegram. All in all, I strongly believe that computers are a
useful tool. They have changed our life for the better. So why shouldn't we
make them work to our advantage? Vocabulary computer technology [tek'nolad3i] комгаотерные generation [,d3ena'reijn] поколение технологии to contain [kan'tein] содержать industry [Indastri] отрасль промышленности, neural network [,njuaral 'netwa:k] нейронная сеть индустрия human ['hju:man] человеческий minibus ['minib/\s] микроавтобус brain [brein] мозг to weigh [wei] весить step [step] шаг ton [1лп] тонна to diagnose f'daiagnauz] ставить диагноз chip [tjip] чип, микросхема to identify [ai'dentifai] опознавать pin head ['pin hed] булавочная головка criminal ['kriminl] преступник wrist [rist] запястье dangerous f'deir^aras] опасный tosave [seiv] экономить e-mail [1: meil] электронная почта to surf [sa:f] the Internet ['intanet] искать, invention [in'venjn] изобретение "бродить"
по Интернету all in all в общем on-line [pn'lain]
shopping покупки через Интернет tool [tu:l] инструмент (интернет- магазины) So why shouldn't we make them work to our exactly [ig'zaektli] именно то advantage [ed'va:ntid3]? зд. Почему бы их не за- price [prais] цена
ставить работать на нас? Questions 1. Have you got a computer? 2. Do you think it's a useful tool? 3. Will computers become smaller in the future? 4. Can the Internet help you to do your homework? 5. Can computers help us to learn foreign languages? 6. Do you play computer games? 7. What are the advantages of on-line shopping? 8. What are the advantages of e-mail? 9. Do you think that computers are bad for health? 10. Some people have made friends through the
Internet. What about you? 11. Some people say that computers make us less
sociable. Do you agree? 12. What will the next generation of computers be able
to do? WILL WE
LIVE IN SPACE? People have dreamed of travelling in space for
thousands of years. But it was not until 1957 that it became a reality. On October 4, 1957 Russia launched the first man-made
satellite into space. It was called Sputnik 1. On April 12, 1961 the Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin
became the first man to orbit the Earth. The first spacewoman in the world was Valentina
Tereshkova. She made 48 orbits in 1963 in her Vostok 6. On July 20, 1969 the American astronaut Neil Armstrong
became the first man to set foot on the Moon. In 1986 the Russian space station Mir was launched. Progress is inevitable and soon we'll be able to visit
and even live on other planets. The 21st century may turn science fiction into
science fact. Scientists are already at work on the International
Space Station, a "city of space". It will be the size of a football
field and will weigh over 200 tons. A team of 10-15 spacemen will probably be
able to live and work at the International Space Station in 2005. The next step will be the first moonbase. 20 or 30
scientists will live inside a dome with an artificial atmosphere. This will
make it possible for them to live and work without spacesuits. It also means
that they will be able to grow food. If the moonbase is a success, the first lunar city
will be built. It will have schools and universities, cinemas and discos,
scientific laboratories and hospitals. Even babies will be bom on the moon! The next great step will be when people land on our
nearest planet Mars. Scientists say that the planet once had water on its
surface. If that water is now frozen underground, humans will be able to use it
someday. By the end of the 2Г' century,
scientists hope, it will be possible to "terraform" Mars — transform
the planet into an earthlike place with air and water. Space awaits the 21st century's pioneers. Vocabulary reality [ri'aeliti] действительность, реальность man-made
[,maen'meid] искусственный to launch [b:ntj] запускать satellite ['ssetalait] спутник cosmonaut [,kozma'no:t] космонавт to orbit ['o:bit] зд. облететь вокруг astronaut [,aestra'no:t] астронавт to set foot on ступить на inevitable [in'evitabl] неизбежный science fiction [,saians 'fikjn] научная фантастика to weigh [wei] весить team [ti:m] команда step [step] шаг moonbase ['mumbeis] лунная база dome [daum] купол artificial |>:ti'fi;i] искусственный atmosphere ['setmasfia] атмосфера spacesuit ['speis(j)u:t] скафандр to be a success [sak'ses] иметь успех lunar [1u:na] лунный surface ['S3:fis] поверхность frozen f'frauzn] замёрзший, замороженный humans ['hju:manz] люди to terraform
['terafo:m] сделать похожим на Землю earthlike
['3:9laik] похожий на Землю to await [a'weit] ждать, ожидать Questions 1. Do you believe that one day we'll be able to live
in space? 2. When was Sputnik 1 launched? 3. Who was the first man to orbit our planet? 4. Who was the first spacewoman in the world? 5. Who was the first man to land on the Moon? 6. What do you know about the International Space
Station? 7. What will the first lunar city be like? 8. Would you like to live on Mars? 9. Is there water on Mars? 10. Do you think it will be possible to
"terraform" Mars? 11. Do you think that one day it will be possible to
travel to other galaxies? 12. Do you believe that there's life on other planets? OUR
PLANET EARTH The planet Earth is only a tiny part of the universe,
but it's the only place where human beings can live. Today, our planet is in serious danger. Acid rains,
global warming, air and water pollution, overpopulation are the problems that
threaten human life on Earth. Who is to blame for the disaster? The answer is
simple: all of us. Our forests are disappearing because they are cut down
or burnt. If this trend continues, one day we won't have enough oxygen to
breathe. The seas are in danger. They are filled with poison:
industrial and nuclear waste, chemical fertilisers and pesticides. The
Mediterranean is already nearly dead; the North Sea is following. The Aral Sea
is on the brink of extinction. If nothing is done about it, one day nothing
will be able to live in the seas. Every ten minutes one kind of animal, plant or insect
dies out for ever. If nothing is done about it, one million species that are
alive today may soon become extinct. Air pollution is another serious problem. In Cairo
just breathing the air is dangerous — equivalent to smoking two packs of
cigarettes a day. The same holds true for many Russian cities. Factories emit tons of harmful chemicals. These
emissions have disastrous consequences for our planet. They are the main reason
for the greenhouse effect and acid rains. An even greater threat are nuclear power stations. We
all know how tragic the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster are. Fortunately, it's not too late to solve these
problems. We have the time, the money and even the technology to make our
planet a better, cleaner and safer place. We can plant trees and create parks
for endangered species. We can recycle litter. We can support green parties and
put pressure on those in power. Together we can save the planet and all of us
with it. Names the Mediterranean [,medit8'reinian] Средиземное the Aral [a:'ra:l] Sea Аральское море море Cairo ['kairau] Каир the North Sea Северное море Chernobyl [tjai'nobl] Чернобыль Vocabulary tiny ['taini] крошечный universe ['ju:niv3:s] вселенная human being [,hju:man 'bi:io] человек acid f'aesid] rains кислотные дожди global ['gteubl] warming глобальное потепление pollution [pa'lu:Jn] загрязнение overpopulation [,auvapopju'leijn] перенаселение to threaten ['6retn] угрожать to blame ['bleim] винить disaster [di'za:sta] несчастье, беда to cut down ['k/\t 'daun] рубить, срубать trend тенденция oxygen ['oksid3an] кислород to breathe ['britd] дышать poison ['poizn] яд, отрава industrial and nuclear ['nju:klia] waste промышлен- ные и ядерные отходы fertilizer [;f3:tilaiza] удобрение pesticide f'pestisaid] пестицид on the brink of extinction [ik'stiijkjn] на грани исчезновения to die out вымирать species ['spi:fi:z] вид, род to become extinct [ik'stiQkt] вымирать equivalent [tkwivalant] равноценный, равнознач- ный the same holds
true for это справедливо для, это касается и... to emit [i mit]
выбрасывать harmful ['ha:mfal]
вредный chemicals
['kemikalz] химикалии emission [i'mijn] выброс disastrous [di'zarstras] чудовищный consequence ['konsikwans] последствие greenhouse effect ['gri:nhaus i,fekt] парниковый эффект threat ['9ret] угроза nuclear power station [,nju:klia 'paua ,steijn] атомная электростанция tragic ['traedjik] трагический technology [tek'nolad3i] технология endangered [in'deindjad] вымирающий (вид) to recycle [,ri:'saikl] утилизировать litter [lite] мусор to support [sa'po:t] поддерживать to put pressure ['preja] on оказывать давление на those in power те,
кто находится у власти Questions 1. Why is our planet in danger? 2. Who is to blame for the disaster? 3. What is happening to our forests? 4. Why are the seas in danger? 5. The Aral Sea is on the brink of extinction. Do you
think it's possible to save it? 6. A lot of animals are dying out. But people wear fur
coats, crocodile handbags, leather shoes, etc. Are you for or against hunting? 7. Is air pollution a serious problem? Why? 8. The car is now the world's number one polluter. Do
you think it's possible to make it cleaner and safer? Have you heard about
electric cars? 9. Why are nuclear power stations dangerous? What were
the tragic consequences of the Chernobyl disaster? 10. What is the main cause of the greenhouse effect
and acid rams? 11. What will happen to our planet if the present
trends continue? Do you think that one day it may become uninhabitable? 12. What can we do to save the planet? CAN WE LIVE
LONGER? Scientists say that in the future people will live
longer. With healthier lifestyles and better medical care the average person
will live to 90 or 100 instead of 70 and 75 like today. When the human genome
is decoded, we'll probably live up to 150. Incurable diseases will be cured and
"bad" genes replaced. But that's tomorrow. And today, we continue to stuff
ourselves with fast food — chips and pizzas, hamburgers and hot dogs. We are
always in a hurry. We have no time to enjoy a home-cooked dinner with
family and friends. We want to eat now and we want to eat fast. What is tasty is not always healthy. Doctors say that
chips and pizzas are fattening, cola spoils our teeth and coffee shortens our
lives. If we eat too much, we'll become obese, and obesity
leads to heart disease, diabetes and other serious illnesses. But the world
today is getting fatter and fatter. America is the world's leader in obesity,
but Europe is quickly catching up. Lack of exercise is another serious problem. We spend hours
in front of our computers and TV-sets. Few of us do morning exercises. We walk
less, because we prefer to use cars or public transport. Research shows, however, that young people who don't
take enough exercise often suffer from heart attacks. It's common knowledge that smoking and drinking can
shorten our lives dramatically. Cigarette-smoking, for example, kills about 3
million people every year. Many of them die from lung cancer. Some aren't even
smokers. They are people who live or work with heavy smokers. Yet many young people smoke and drink. Why? One answer
is that tobacco and drinks companies invest enormous sums of money in
advertising their products. For them cigarettes and alcoholic drinks mean
money. For us they mean disease and even death. We all know that the healthier we are, the better we
feel. The better we feel, the longer we live. So why not take care of
ourselves? Vocabulary scientist ['saiantist] ученый healthy ['helSi] здоровый lifestyle [laifstail] образ жизни medical care ['medikl ,kea] медицинское обслуживание average ['aevarids] средний human ['hju:man] человек; человеческий genome ['d3i:naum]
генетический код, геном to decode
[,di:'kau<3] расшифровывать, декодировать incurable
[in'kjuarabl] неизлечимый disease [di'zi:z]
болезнь to cure ['kjua] лечить, излечивать gene ['d3i:n] ген to replace [ri'pleis] заменять to stuff [sUf] oneself with зд. набивать желудки pizza ['pi:tsa] пицца hamburger ['haembaiga] гамбургер fattening ['faetnirj] способствующий ожирению, жирный cola f'kaula] кола to spoil [spoil] портить obese [au'bi:s] тучный diabetes [,daia'bi:ti:z] диабет to catch up догонять lack [laek] нехватка to prefer [pri'fa:] предпочитать research [ri'saitj] исследование to suffer f'SAfa] страдать heart attack ['ha:t a,taek] сердечный приступ it's common knowledge ['nolidj] общеизвестно dramatically [dra'maetikali] резко lung cancer ['!AQ ,kaensa] рак легких heavy smoker заядлый курильщик tobacco [ta'baekau] табак; табачный to invest [invest] инвестировать, вкладывать enormous [i'no:mas] огромный to advertise ['aedvataiz] рекламировать product ['prodAkt] продукт, товар alcoholic [,aelka'holik] алкогольный Questions 1. Do you think people will live longer in the future? 2. Do you believe that one day genetic engineers will
be able to correct "gene" mistakes? 3. Do you like fast food? Is it tasty? 4. Why is fast food bad for us? 5. What illnesses does obesity lead to? 6. Are Europeans getting fatter? 7. The USA is the world's leader in obesity, isn't it? 8. Do you take regular exercise? 9. How often do you go for a walk? 10. Do you spend much time in front of your TV-set? 11. Why is smoking dangerous? 12. In some countries tobacco and alcohol advertising
has been banned (to ban запрещать). Do you think it's a good idea? 13. Is passive smoking dangerous? 14. Would you like to live a long life? MASS MEDIA The mass media play an important part in our lives.
Newspapers, radio and especially TV inform us of what is going on in this world
and give us wonderful possibilities for education and entertainment. They also
influence the way we see the world and shape our views. Of course, not all newspapers and TV programmes report
the events objectively, but serious journalists and TV reporters try to be fair
and provide us with reliable information. It is true that the world today is full of dramatic
events and most news seems to be bad news. But people aren't interested in
ordinary events. That is why there are so many programmes and articles about
natural disasters, plane crashes, wars, murders and robberies. Good news
doesn't usually make headlines. Bad news does. Some people say that journalists are given too much
freedom. They often intrude on people's private lives. They follow celebrities
and print sensational stories about them which are untrue or half-true. They
take photos of them in their most intimate moments. The question is — should
this be allowed? The main source of news for millions of people is
television. People like TV news because they can see everything with their own
eyes. And that's an important advantage. Seeing, as we know, is believing.
Besides, it's much more difficult for politicians to lie in front of the
cameras than on the pages of newspapers. Still, many people prefer the radio. It's good to
listen to in the car, or in the open air, or when you do something about the
house. Newspapers don't react to events as quickly as TV, but
they usually provide us with extra detail, comment and background information. The Internet has recently become another important
source of information. Its main advantage is that news appears on the screen
as soon as things happen in real life and you don't have to wait for news time
on TV. Vocabulary mass media [,maes 'mhdia] средства массовой what's going on что происходит информации possibility [posa'biliti] возможность to inform [irrfo:m] сообщать, информировать entertainment [.enta'teinment] развлечение toreport [ri'po:t] сообщать, писать (о) event [i'vent] событие, происшествие objectively [ab'd3ektivli] объективно fair [fee]
честный, справедливый to provide
[prepaid] обеспечивать reliable
[rilaiabl] надежный ordinary ['o:dnri]
обычный, заурядный disaster [di'za:ste] бедствие crash [kraej] авария murder ['тз:йэ] убийство robbery ['robari] грабёж to make headlines ['hedlainz] попасть в заголовки газет, вызвать
сенсацию freedom ['fitdam]
свобода to intrude [in'tru:d] вторгаться private ['praivit] частный, личный to follow [fblau] преследовать celebrity [si'lebriti] знаменитость to print [print] печатать sensational [sen'seijanl] сенсационный untrue [Airtru:] ложный, неверный half-true ['ha:ftru:] полуправдивый intimate [Intimit] интимный source [so:s] источник advantage [ad'va:ntid3] преимущество Seeing is believing. Лучше раз увидеть, чем сто раз услышать. besides [bi'saidz] кроме того politician [,poli'tijn] политик to He [lai] лгать to prefer [pri'fe:] предпочитать to react [ri'aekt] реагировать extra detail [,ekstra 'di:teil] дополнительные сведения,
подробности comment j/komant]
комментарий background ['baekgraund] information "закулисная" информация the Internet f'intanet] интернет recently [Ti:santli] недавно Questions 1. Do the media play an important part in your life? 2. Do you think that the media influence our life? 3. Millions of people get most of their news from
television. What about you? 4. Do you read newspapers? 5. When do you usually listen to the radio? 6. Do you agree that most news we get from the media
is bad news? 7. Do you think it would be nice if all news printed
in newspapers and shown on TV was good news? 8. Do you think that journalists are given too much
freedom? 9. If people have died in a plane crash, should their
bodies be shown on TV? 10. How do paparazzi ([,paepa'raetsi]) earn their living? 11. Are you interested in politics? Don't you think
that some politicians use the media to influence their voters (['vautaz] избиратели)? 12. What is the main advantage of the Internet? TV OR
NOT TV? Whether we realise it or not, TV plays a very
important part in our lives. It's the main source of information and a cheap form
of entertainment for millions of people. It's the window on the world which gives us an
opportunity to "travel" all over the world, to "meet"
different people and learn about their customs and traditions . It has the power to educate and broaden our minds. It helps us to relax after a hard day's work and
escape from reality. There's always a great variety of programmes on TV:
news and sports programmes, talk shows and TV games, documentaries and feature
films, concerts and theatre performances... Of course, not all programmes are good. But many are
made in good taste and with great professional skill. Some people argue that television is a terrible waste
of time. It makes us lazier. We stay at home instead of going out. We read
less. We think less. We even talk less. It's true that some TV addicts spend hours in front of
the "box" watching whatever's on — from second-rate Mexican soap
operas to silly commercials. The trick is to learn to control television and use it
intelligently. The ideal is to turn on the TV-set only when there's a really
interesting programme. Violence on TV is another problem that worries people.
As George Mikes once said, TV teaches us "how to kill, to rob, to shoot
and to poison." But the same can be said about computer games and many
films and books. And if you don't like a certain programme, why watch
it? Names George Mikes
['mikej] Джордж Микеш (английский писатель-юморист венгерского происхождения) Vocabulary source [so:s] источник to educate ['edjukeit] обучать, развивать entertainment [.enta'teinment] развлечение broaden ['bro:dn] one's mind расширять кругозор opportunity [ppa'tjir.niti] возможность to relax [ttlaeks] расслабляться power ['раиэ]
сила, способность hard day's work тяжелый трудовой день to escape [i'skeip] from reality уходить от реальности variety [ve'raiati] разнообразие documentary [,dokju'menteri] документальный фильм feature film ['fhtja ,film] художественный фильм in good taste со вкусом professional [prefejnl] skill профессиональное мастерство to argue ['aigju:] спорить, возражать waste of time
бесполезная трата времени addict f'aedikt]
наркоман, зд. человек, которого не оторвешь от
телевизора box разг.
"ящик", телевизор whatever's on что
бы ни показывали (по теле- визору) second-rate
[,sekend'reit] низкосортный, посредст- венный Mexican
['meksiken] мексиканский soap opera f'saup
ppere] "мыльная опера" commercial
[ke'maifl] телереклама the trick is зд.
секрет в том (что) intelligently [in'telid3entli] с умом ideal [ai'diel] идеал violence [vaielens] насилие to rob грабить to shoot [Ju:t] (shot) стрелять to poison f'poizn] отравлять, отравить Questions 1. How often do you watch TV? 2. What are your favourite programmes? 3. Which is your favourite channel? 4. The average Russian teenager spends about 20 hours
a week in front of the TV-set. What about you? 5. Why is TV often called "the window on the
world"? 6. Do you agree that television has the power to
educate? 7. What do you think of commercials? Do they annoy
you? 8. Do you enjoy watching "soaps"? 9. Do you think that there's too much violence on TV? 10. Do you believe that violence on TV may turn people
into criminals? 11. Some people say that television kills
conversation. Do you agree? 12. Do you use TV intelligently? NEWSPAPERS In the past people learnt about news from newspapers.
Nowadays people usually learn what is happening in the country and in the world
from TV or radio news programmes or from the Internet. Still we cannot imagine our life without newspapers.
There are dozens of them on every news-stand. There are newspapers for
professionals, for businessmen, for children and teenagers, for men and women,
for sports fans, for those who are interested in gardening and for those who
keep pets. Some newspapers publish serious articles on politics,
economy and finance, some aim to entertain their readers. Many newspapers
express certain political opinion and people choose them according to their own
political beliefs. In short, you can always find a paper which suits your
interests. Besides, there are many free local newspapers which
are put into your postbox whether you ask for it or not. Probably they are not
interesting, because they consist mainly of advertisements, but you can find a
lot of useful telephone numbers and addresses there. My parents subscribe to Argumenty i Facty. I also like
this weekly. I don't read all the articles, but in every issue I find something
interesting. I think that most articles are very well written, they give a
detailed and well-balanced analysis of current events and trends in economy. I
like to read articles on social issues, interviews, reviews of new books, plays
and TV shows. One of my favourite columns is The Quotation of the Day, where
they quote our popular politicians and give their comments. Sometimes it's very
funny. Quite often I buy Sovershenno Secretno (Top Secret)
and practically in each issue there are some fascinating stories which you read
like a detective story. Sometimes they uncover things I have not heard about,
sometimes they show well-known events in a completely new light. From time to time I read Moskovsky Komsomolets. It's
one of the most popular daily papers, but I don't consider it serious. However,
I never miss an article written by Minkin. I think he is a very good
journalist. I also like Merinov's cartoons. Sometimes they publish good reviews
of new films, new CDs and so on. In short, I think that TV, radio and the Internet have
their advantages, but nothing can substitute newspapers. Vocabulary to imagine [i'maedjin] представлять себе dozens ['d/vznz] масса, множество news-stand ['nju:zstaend] газетный киоск fan [faen] поклонник, болельщик politics ['politiks] политика economy [i'konami] экономика finance [fai'nsens] финансы to aim [eim] ставить целью to entertain [,enta'tein] развлекать to express [ik'spres] выражать opinion [a'pinian] мнение, взгляд according
[a'ko:dio] to согласно, в соответствии political beliefs
[bi'lhfs] политические убеждения in short короче
говоря to suit [s(j)u:t] подходить free бесплатный local [laukl] местный post-box ['paustboks] почтовый ящик advertisement [ad'vartismant] реклама to subscribe [sab'skraib] подписываться weekly ['wi:kli]
еженедельник, еженедельный issue [IJii:],
[Isju:] выпуск, вопрос detailed ['dhteild] подробный well-balanced [ wel'baelanst] взвешенный, объективный analysis [a'naelisis] (мн. ч. analyses) анализ current events [Jwant rvents] текущие события trend [trend]
тенденция social issues
общественные проблемы review [ri'vju:]
обзор, рецензия column ['kolam]
колонка quotation [,kwau'teijn] цитата politician [poli'tijn] политик comment ['komant] комментарий fascinating ['faesineitig] увлекательный to uncover
[Aivk/wa] обнаруживать, раскрывать completely
[kam'plhtli] совершенно daily ['deili]
ежедневный to consider [kan'sida] считать advantage [ad'va:ntid3] преимущество substitute ['sAbstitjiKt] заменять Questions 1. Do you read newspapers regularly? 2. How many newspapers does your family subscribe to? 3. Do you like to read articles on politics and
finance? 4. Do you read reviews of new films and books? 5. Do you follow sports news in newspapers? 6. Some newspapers run gossip columns (колонки сплетен). Do you read them? 7. Many newspapers print readers' letters, in which
people write about their problems. Often there are answers written by
psychologists, doctors, educators, etc. Do you read these letters and answers? 8. Have you ever written to a newspaper? 9. Do you read any newspapers in English? 10. What kind of newspapers do you prefer? 11. Do you like Sovershenno Secretno? 12. What do you think ofMoskovsky Komsomoletsl THE BRITISH
PRESS Probably in no other country are there such great
differences between the various national daily newspapers — in the type of news
they report and the way they report it. On the one hand, there are the "quality"
newspapers: The Times, The Independent, The Guardian, the Financial Times and
The Daily Telegraph. These concern themselves, as far as possible, with factual
reports of major national and international events, with the world of politics
and business and with the arts and sport. On the other hand, there are the "populars"
and "tabloids," so-called because of their smaller size. The tabloids
— the most widely read of which are The Daily Mail, The Daily Express, the
Daily Mirror, The Sun and The Daily Star — concentrate on more emotive reporting
of stories often featuring sex, violence, the Royal Family, film and pop stars,
and sport. It's often said that the popular press aims to entertain its readers
rather than inform them. The tabloid press is much more popular than the
quality press. In some countries, newspapers are owned by government
or by political parties. This is not the case in Britain. Newspapers here are
mostly owned by individuals or by publishing companies, and the editors of the
papers are usually allowed considerate freedom of expression. This is not to
say that newspapers are without political bias. Papers like The Daily
Telegraph, The Daily Express and The Sun, for example, usually reflect Conservative
opinions in their comment and reporting, while the Daily Mirror and The
Guardian have a more left-wing bias. In addition to the 12 national daily newspapers there
are nine national papers which are published on Sundays. Most of the
"Sundays" contain more reading matter than daily papers, and several
of them also include "colour supplements" — separate colour magazines
which contain photographicallyillustrated feature articles. Reading a Sunday
paper, like having a big Sunday lunch, is an important tradition in many British
households. Besides, nearly every area in Britain has one or more
local newspapers. The British are one of the biggest newspaper-reading
nations in the world. Names The Times [taimz] the Financial Times [fai,naenfl
'taimz] The Independent [indi'pendant] The Daily Telegraph
[,deili 'teligraif] The Gardian ['ga:djan] The Daily Mail ['deili 'meil] The Daily Express [,deili iks'pres] the Daily Mirror [,deili 'mira] The Daily Star [,deili 'sta:] The Sun [влп] Vocabulary various ['vearias] различный, разнообразный national ['naejnl]
национальный, государственный daily ['deili]
ежедневный to report
[ri'port] сообщать, писать, печатать on the one hand с одной стороны "quality"
['kwoliti] newspapers пресса "высокого качества"
(для бизнесменов, политиков и т.д), газеты полного
формата to concern
[kan'satn] oneself with заниматься, интересоваться factual
['faektjual] фактический, основанный на фактах major ['meidja]
главный, основной international
[jnta'naejnl] международный politics
['politiks] политика, политические взгляды, убеждения on the other hand
с другой стороны "popular"
[popjula] газета для широкой публики "tabloid"
['taebloid] малоформатная газета со сжа- тым текстом и
большим количеством иллюстра- ций; бульварная
пресса to concentrate
['konsantreit] on сосредоточиваться на emotive [i'mautiv]
reporting эмоциональная подача материала to feature
['fi:tja] помещать в газете (на видном месте) violence
[vaialans] насилие royal ['roial]
family королевская семья it's often said часто говорят to aim стремиться to entertain [.enta'tein] rather than inform скорее развлекать, чем
информировать to own [aim]
владеть This is not the case in Britain. He так обстоит дело в Британии. individual
[jndi'vidjual] личность, индивидуум, частное лицо publishing company ['клтрэп!] издательство editor ['edita] редактор to allow [a'lau] разрешать, предоставлять considerate [kan'sidarit] freedom значительная свобода bias f'baias]
предубежденность, пристрастие, уклон to reflect [ri'flekt] отражать conservative [kan'saivativ] консервативный comment f'koment] комментарий left-wing левый in addition to
кроме, помимо "Sundays"
газеты, публикуемые по выходным matter ['maeta] материал supplement ['SAplimant] приложение feature article
['fi:tjer 'a.-tikl] большая статья в газете (посвященная
какой-либо одной теме), очерк household
['haushauld] семья; люди, живущие в одном доме local f'laukl] местный Questions 1. What "quality" newspapers do you know? 2. What do they concern themselves with? 3. What does a "tabloid" mean? 4. What "popular" newspapers do you know? 5. It's often said that the aim of the popular press
is to entertain its readers rather than inform them. What kind of materials do
these newspapers concentrate on? 6. Are "quality" papers more popular than
"tabloids"? 7. In some countries, newspapers are owned by
government or by political parties. What about Britain? 8. What's the difference between daily newspapers and
"Sundays"? 9. What does a "colour supplement" mean? 10. Are the British one of the biggest
newspaper-reading nations in the world? About Myself MY
FAMILY I am Alex Sidorov. Alex is my first name and Sidorov
is my surname. I am seventeen years old. I want to tell you a few words about
my family. My family is large. I've got a mother, a father, a sister, a brother
and a grandmother. There are six of us in the family. My mother is a teacher of biology. She works in a
college. She likes her profession. She is a good-looking woman with brown hair
and green eyes. She is forty-four but she looks much younger. She is tall and
slim. My father is a computer programmer. He is very
experienced. He is a broad-shouldered, tall man with fair hair and grey eyes.
He is forty-six. My father often sings and when we are at home and have some
free time, I play the guitar and we sing together. My father knows all about
new radio sets and likes to repair old ones. He is also handy with many things.
When he was small, he liked to take everything to pieces. My grandmother told
me a story that once my father tried to "repair" their kitchen clock.
He managed to put all the wheels and screws back again — but the clock did not
work. They had to give it to a repairman. But that happened a long time ago.
Now he can fix almost everything: a vacuum cleaner, a washing machine, a fridge
and what not. He's got a few shelves where he keeps everything he needs. On the
table there's always a radio in pieces. My parents have been married for twenty-six years.
They have much in common, but they have different views on music, books and
films. For example, my father likes horror films and my mother likes "soap
operas". My father is fond of tennis. My mother isn't interested in
sports. But my parents have the same opinion about my education and upbringing. My parents are hard-working people. My mother keeps
house and takes care of me and my father. She is very good at cooking and she
is clever with her hands. She is very practical. My father and I try to help
her with the housework. I wash the dishes, go shopping and tidy our flat. My grandmother is a pensioner. She lives with us and
helps to run the house. She is fond of knitting. My sister Helen is twenty-five. She is married and has
a family of her own. She works as an accountant for a small business company.
Her husband is a scientist. They've got twins: a daughter and a son. They go to
a nursery school.My brother Boris is eleven. He is a schoolboy. He wants to
become a doctor but he is not sure yet. Three months ago he dreamed of being a
cosmonaut. I want to become a student. I'd like to learn foreign
languages. I think I take after my father. I'm tall, fair-haired and
even-tempered. I always try to be in a good mood. We've got a lot of relatives. We are deeply attached
to each other and we get on very well. Vocabulary good-looking красивый, миловидный to go in for smth заниматься чем-либо slim стройный opinion [
a'pinjan] мнение experienced [ik'spiarianst] опытный, квалифициро-
upbringing ['Ap,briniQ] воспитание ванный, со стажем
to take care f kea] of smb заботиться о ком-либо broad-shouldered Lbroid'Jaulded] широкоплечий she is good at cooking она хорошо готовит to play the guitar [gi'ta:] играть на гитаре she is clever with her hands у нее умелые руки to repair [itpea]
чинить, исправлять to tidy [laidi] убирать, приводить в порядок to be handy with
smth уметь делать что-либо, быть pensioner ['penfana] пенсионер искусным в
чем-либо to run the house вести хозяйство to take to pieces ['pirsiz] разбирать на части to knit [nit] вязать to manage ['тзетйз] суметь, справиться, ухитриться accountant [a'kauntant] бухгалтер wheels [wi:lz] and screws [skru:z] колесики и винтики scientist ['saiantist] ученый to fix чинить,
исправлять twins близнецы vacuum cleaner
[vaekjuam,kli:na] пылесос nursery ['пз:зэп] school детский сад washing machine
['wojio ma'Jm] стиральная машина cosmonaut ['kozmanoit] космонавт fridge [frid3]
холодильник to take after быть похожим, пойти (в кого-либо из and what not и так
далее, и тому подобное родителей) in pieces
разобранный на части fair-haired [fea'head] светловолосый to have much in
common иметь много общего even-tempered [,i:vn'tempad] уравновешенный views [vju:z] on smth взгляды на ... to be in a good mood быть в хорошем настроении horror ['hora ] film фильм ужасов to be deeply attached [a'taetjt] to smb быть сильно "soap
opera" "мыльная опера", многосерийная привязанным к кому-либо мелодрама to get
on well быть в хороших отношениях, ладить to be fond of smth
увлекаться чем-либо друг с другом Questions 1. What is your first name? What is your surname? 2. How old are you? 3. When is your birthday? 4. Is your family large? How many are you in the
family? 5. Have you got any brothers or sisters? 6. What are your parents? Where do they work? 7. How long have your parents been married? 8. Do they have much in common? 9. Do you spend a lot of time with your family? 10. What sort of things do you do together? 11. Do you go out with your parents? 12. Who runs the house in your family? 13. What are your household duties? 14. What is your father's hobby? 15. Can you describe your mother? MY FLAT Wе live in a new
16-storeyed block of flats in Strogino. It's situated in a very picturesque
place not far from the Moskva River. There's a big supermarket on the ground
floor and it's very convenient to do everyday shopping. Our flat is on the fifth floor. It's very comfortable
and well-planned. We have all modern conveniences, such as central heating,
electricity, gas, cold and hot running water and a telephone. There are three
rooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a hall in our flat. There's also a balcony and
we can enjoy a lovely view of the river. The largest room in our flat is the living room and we
use it as a dining room and as a sitting room. In the middle of the room
there's a big table and six chairs round it. Opposite the window there's a wall
unit with lots of books, a TV-set and a video cassette recorder. There are two
comfortable armchairs and a small coffee table in the right-hand corner. There
is also a sofa and an electric fire in our living room. We like the living room
best of all, because in the evenings we gather there to have tea, watch TV,
talk and rest. My room is the smallest room in our flat, but it's
very cosy and light. There's a bed, a wardrobe, a desk, an armchair and
several bookshelves in my room. There's a thick carpet on the floor. The walls
in my room are lightbrown and there are some big posters on them. I like my
room very much, but from time to time I change it round. I quite often move the
bed and change the posters on the wall. Our kitchen is large and light. It's very well-equipped.
We've got a refrigerator, a freezer, a microwave oven, a coffeemaker and a
toaster. We haven't got a dishwasher yet, because it's very expensive. But I'm
sure we'll buy it in the near future. Vocabulary 16-storeyed ['sto:rid] 16-этажный convenient [kairvhnjant] удобный, подходящий block of flats многоквартирный дом comfortable ['k/vmfatabl] удобный, комфортабель- to be situated ['sitjueitid] быть расположенным ный, уютный picturesque [,piktja'resk] живописный well-planned хорошо спланированный supermarket ['su:pa,ma:kit] супермаркет modern conveniences ['modn kan'vi:njansiz] совре- ground floor
['graund 'flo:] первый этаж менные удобства centralheating ['hhtirj] центральное отопление electricity [tlek'tristtl] электричество gas [gaes] газ running water водопровод balcony ['bselkani] балкон to enjoy [in'djoi] наслаждаться lovely ['l/wli]
красивый, прекрасный view [vju:] ofвид на living room жилая комната dining ['dainio] room столовая sitting room гостиная wall unit [-ju:nit] стенка video cassette recorder ['vidieu ke'set ri'ko:de] видеомагнитофон armchair ['a:mtjea] кресло left-hand corner левый угол coffee table журнальный столик electric fire [i'lektrik 'faia] электрический камин cosy ['keuzi] уютный light [lalt] светлый wardrobe [-wo:draub] платяной шкаф desk письменный стол bookshelf книжная полка (мн. ч. bookshelves) carpet [-ka:pit] ковер poster ['peuste] плакат to change round
менять местами (мебель и т.п.) well-equipped
[i'kwipt] хорошо оборудованный refrigerator
[rifridsareita] холодильник (сокр. fridge) freezer [1ri:za]
морозильная камера microwave oven
['maikraweiv 'ЛУП] микроволновая печь coffemaker
кофеварка toaster ['tauste]
тостер dishwasher
['dij,wojaj посудомоечная машина expensive [iks'pensiv] дорогой Questions 1. Do you live in a house or in a block of flats? 2. Which floor is your flat on? 3. Is your flat well-planned? Is it comfortable? 4. How many rooms are there in your flat? 5. Have you got a dining room (a sitting room, a
study)? 6. Where do you usually have your meals? 7. Is there much furniture in your flat? Do you change
it round from time to time? 8. What is there in your room? 9. Are there any pictures on the walls of your flat? 10. What colour are the walls in your room? 11. What is your kitchen like? 12. How often do you redecorate the rooms? MY
WORKING DAY On weekdays the alarm-clock wakes me up at 6.30 and my
working day begins. I'm not an early riser, that's why it's very difficult for
me to get out of bed, especially in winter. I switch on my tape-recorder and do
my morning exercises. Then I go to the bathroom, take a warm shower, clean my teeth
and shave. After that I go to my bedroom to get dressed. Usually my mother makes breakfast for me. But when she
is away on business or just doesn't have to get up early, I make breakfast
myself. While having breakfast, I listen to the latest news on the radio. I leave the house at 7.30 and go to the nearest
underground station. Last year I tried to enter Moscow University, but
unfortunately I failed my entrance examinations. So I thought I should work
somewhere. It wasn't easy to find a job, but I managed to get a position of a
secretary in a small business company. They agreed to take me because I had studied
typewriting, computing and business organisation at school. And besides, I
passed my English schoolleaving exam with an excellent mark. It takes me an hour and a half to get to work. But I
don't want to waste my time on the train. I've got a small cassette-player and
I listen to different texts and dialogues. Sometimes I read a book and retell
it silently. If I come across an interesting expression I try to memorise it. I
also write some English words on flashcards and learn them. I usually arrive at work at ten minutes to nine though
my working day begins at 9 sharp. There are always some fax messages to
translate from English into Russian. Sometimes my boss wants me to write a
letter to our business partners abroad. There are also a lot of phone calls
which I have to answer. At 1 o'clock in the afternoon we have lunch. We
usually have lunch in a small cafe just round the corner. At 2 o'clock we come
back to work. And we work hard till 5 o'clock. During the working day we also have several short
coffee breaks. But sometimes we have no time for them. I come home at about 7 o'clock in the evening. My
parents are usually at home, waiting for me. We have dinner together. Then we
sit in the living room, drink tea, watch TV or just talk. Occasionally I have to stay at work till 6 or even 7
o'clock in the evening. When we have a lot of things to do we go to work on
Saturdays. So by the end of the week I get very tired. All I can do on Sundays
is to sleep till eleven o'clock, watch television, listen to music and read
something in English. And still I always look forward to my next working day
because I like my job. I think I get a lot of useful experience. Vocabulary to be an early riser рано вставать excellent ['eksalant] отличный especially [i'spejali] особенно to waste [weist] time терять время to do morning exercises делать утреннюю зарядку to reten [rjle|] (retold) пересказать to get dressed одеваться to come across встретить, натолкнуться unfortunately [Arvfo:tJ(a)natli] к сожалению tomemorize [-memaraiz] запомнить to fail [fell] не
сдать, провалить (об экзаменах) а flashcard
[1taejle.d] K a entrance T'entrans] examinations вступительные , I i * 1 a fax message ['mesidjj сообщение по факсу a^SkTof a secretary ["sekratri] место секретаря а Partner ^'^ паРтнеР a company
['клтрэШ] компания abroad C9'bro:dl за границей typewriting
['taipraitio] машинопись to answer a Phone са11 ответить на телефонный computing
[kam'pju:tig] работа на компьютере besides [bi-saidz]
к тому же, кроме того a break [breik] перерыв business organization ['biznis piganai'zeifn]
occasionally [a'kei3nali] время от времени делопроизводство experience [iks'piarians] опыт Questions 1. Do you get up early? Is it easy for you to get up
early? 2. Do you wake up yourself or does an alarm-clock wake
you up? 3. Do you do morning exercises? Do you do your morning
exercises to music? 4. Which do you prefer: a hot or a cold shower in the
morning? 5. How long does it take you to get dressed? 6. What do you usually have for breakfast? 7. Some people look through newspapers or listen to
the latest news on the radio while having breakfast. What about you? 8. When do you usually leave the house? 9. Do you work? Where do you work? 10. What do you usually do on your way to work
(school, etc.)? 11. Where do you usually have lunch (dinner)? 12. What time do you come home? 13. How do you spend your evenings? 14. What time do you usually go to bed? MY FRIEND My best friend's name's Nick. We made friends a few
years ago. We are of the same age. We live in the same block of flats, so we
see each other almost every day. Nick is a tall slender boy. He has got dark hair,
large dark eyes, a straight nose and thin lips. He wears spectacles. He is a
nice guy. He is very honest and just, understanding and kind. I trust him a lot
and I'm sure that I can rely on him in any situation. He never lets people
down. Nick is only 19 but he is very responsible — he finishes whatever he
starts. He's got only one shortcoming - he is a bit stubborn. Nevertheless he
is pleasant to deal with. Nick's an only child and his parents love him very
much. His father is a lawyer. He is the most brilliant man I've ever met. He
knows everything there's to know about the law. His mother is a music teacher.
No wonder Nick is so talented. He's got a very good ear for music. He likes
jazz and plays the piano very well. We spend a lot of time together. We often watch video
or listen to music. Sometimes we go to the cinema or to the theatre, or
walk around the centre of Moscow, visiting small cafes, museums, art galleries,
shops. We talk for hours about all sorts of things (politics, love, teachers,
girls). We discuss films, television programmes, books. I never quarrel with Nick. But if there's some
misunderstanding between us we try to make peace as soon as possible. What I
like best about him is that he is always willing to help and share his
knowledge, thoughts and feelings. I respect him for his fairness, strong will,
intellect and modesty. I miss Nick when we don't see each other for a long
time. Without him I would feel lonely and uncomfortable. Our friendship helps
me to feel strong and sure of myself. Vocabulary to make friends подружиться of the same age ровесники block of flats многоквартирный дом slender ['slenda] стройный straight [streit] прямой spectacles ['spektaklz] очки guy [gai] парень honest ['onist] честный just [d3/\st] справедливый understanding отзывчивый, чуткий to trust доверять, верить to rely [n'lai] on
smb полагаться на кого-либо, доверять to let smb down подводить responsible [ris'ponsibl] ответственный whatever [wofeve] что бы ни shortcoming ['fo:t,k/\mirj] недостаток stubborn ['sUban] упрямый nevertheless [,nevada'les] тем не менее he is pleasant ['pleznt] to deal with с ним приятно иметь дело
an only child
единственный ребенок в семье lawyer [1o:ja]
юрист, адвокат brilliant
['briljant] замечательный, блестящий no wonder ['w/vnda] неудивительно talented ['taelantid] талантливый a good ear for music хороший музыкальный слух jazz [djaez] джаз video ['vidiau] видеозапись cafe f'kaefei] кафе art gallery f'gaelari] картинная галерея politics
['politiks] политика, политические взгляды, убеждения quarrel ['kworal]
ссориться misunderstanding
[,misAnda'staendir)] недопонима- ние to make peace помириться as soon as possible как можно скорее share [Jea] делить, разделять to respect [ri'spekt] уважать fairness ['feanis] справедливость strong will сильная воля intellect [Intilekt] ум modesty ['modisti]
скромность to miss smb
скучать без кого-либо Questions 1. Have you got a lot of friends? 2. What is your best friend's name? 3. How long have you been friends? 4. Where does he (she) live? 5. Do you often see each other? 6. Where did you meet for the first time? 7. What do you do in your free time? 8. What do you usually talk about? 9. Do you quarrel? 10. What do you like best about your friend? 11. Has he (she) got any shortcomings? 12. Do you think friendship depends on shared
interests — hobbies and leisure activities? 13. Does it mean that if two people don't have common
hobbies they can't be real friends? 14. What features do you like (dislike) in people? MY
SCHOOL I've just left school and I'd like to tell you a few
words about it. My school is one of the oldest specialized schools in Moscow.
It's famous for its highquality education and strict discipline. The school is
very well-equipped. On the ground floor there's a gym, a canteen, a library and
two workshops. On the first floor there's a large assembly hall, a home
economics room, a computer class and a language laboratory. On the second floor
there are physics, chemistry and biology labs. I went to school five days a week. Classes began at
nine o'clock in the morning. But I usually came to school ten minutes earlier.
Each lesson lasted forty minutes. After three or four lessons we had a
thirty-minute break. During this break we went to the canteen to have lunch.
Every day we had 7 or 8 lessons. The lessons were over at four o'clock in the
afternoon. We usually had a lot of homework and it took me
several hours to do it. I sometimes had to sit up to write a composition, to
prepare a report, to translate a newspaper article from English into Russian or
to learn a poem by heart. After classes I didn't usually go home right away. We
had some out-ofclass activities. Our social and cultural life was
well-organized. For example, we had an orchestra, a choir, an arts club, an
International Friendship Club. I took part in the drama club. At school we had classes in Russian, Literature,
Mathematics, Biology, Geography, Physics, Chemistry, English, History, Computer
Programming. We also had Music, Physical Education, and Information Technology. My favourite subject was English. I liked to learn new
words, to dramatize texts and dialogues. I liked it when we discussed something
interesting to us, when we were taught to debate, when we had small-group
discussions or set up a role play. But I wasn't very good at chemistry. I always failed
to learn formulas and terms properly. Maybe our chemistry teacher was too
serious, too academic. She was not imaginative enough and her lessons were a
little bit dull. I liked my class. I always felt at home there.
Everybody was so friendly and easy to get along with. I was on good terms with
my classmates and we often spent our free time together. Vocabulary specialized ['spejalaizd] school специализированная high-quality высокого качества школа strict строгий discipline ['disiplin] дисциплина well-equipped
[,weh'kwipt] хорошо оборудованный gym [d3im]
спортивный зал canteen
[kaen'tiin] столовая workshops
мастерские assembly
[a'sembli] hall а ктовый зал home economics [^ka'nomiks] room кабинет домоводства computer class компьютерный класс language laboratory лингафонный кабинет physics ['fiziks] физика chemistry ['kemistri] химия biology
[bai'olad3i] биология to sit up
засиживаться допоздна, не ложиться спать, бодрствовать
composition
сочинение report [n'po:t]
доклад right away сразу же out-of-class внеклассный social f'saujl] общественный orchestra f'o:kistra] оркестр choir f'kwaia] хор
arts club
художественный кружок International Friendship Club Клуб интернацио- нальной дружбы drama ['dra:ma] club драмкружок geography [d3ftgrafi] география physical education [,fizikal edju'kei/n] физкультура Information Technology [tek'nobdji] информатика to dramatize f'draemataiz] инсценировать to debate
[di'beit] проводить дебаты, спорить, обсуждать to set up a role play проводить ролевую игру formula ['fcxmjula] формула term [torn] термин properly ['propali] как следует serious ['siariasj серьезный academic [,aka'demik] академичный, оторванный от практики imaginative [i'msedjinativ] изобретательный dull [dAl] скучный to get along with ладить to be on good terms with быть в хороших отношениях Questions 1. What kind of school did you go to? 2. Was your school well or poorly equipped? 3. Was the quality of teaching high? 4. Did you have any problems with discipline? 5. How many lessons a day did you have? 6. Did you spend much time on your homework? 7. What was your favourite subject? 8. Were there any subjects you were bad at? 9. Were you taught computer skills? 10. What subjects do you think should be studied at
school? 11. Did you take part in any out-of-class activities? 12. Were you on good terms with your teachers? 13. Did you get along with your classmates? HOW I
WENT SHOPPING One day my friend Nick and I decided to go shopping. I
took my salary and Nick took his father's salary. Nick needed some new clothes
badly. There are a lot of shops, supermarkets and department stores in the
centre of the city, so we decided to go through some of them. The first shop on our way was a large supermarket. The
choice of goods was very impressive. It seemed to us that on the counters and
shelves there was everything one could want. We could see sausages of different
kinds, fish, meat, poultry. At the bakery there was bread, rolls, buscuits. At
the dairy department there was milk, cream, cheese, butter. Everything was
nicely packed and when we came to the cashier our baskets were full. Then we went to the department store which was right
across the street. Nick and I are fond of computers and video and hi-fi
equipment, so we couldn't go past our favourite department. There were a lot of
computers, video cassette recorders, TV sets, hi-fi centres and tape recorders.
Nick bought three new CDs and I bought two video cassettes. And then, at last, we found the men's clothing
department. There were a lot of suits, trousers, jackets, shirts and many other
things. Nick needed a suit because he was going to the theatre with his
girlfriend and her parents to see Pygmalion. As you probably remember, Nick is
very tall and slim. So it's always difficult to find clothes that would suit
him perfectly. The shop assistant asked Nick's size and offered him a
nice suit. But when Nick tried it on I couldn't help laughing. The jacket was
too big for him and the trousers were too short. He looked so funny! The shop
assistant thought for a moment and then suggested that Nick should try on some
jackets and some trousers separately. An hour later Nick looked like an English
gentleman. The pinstriped jacket matched the black trousers perfectly. The shop
assistant also showed Nick a wonderful tie and he immediately agreed to buy it. We had to go home by taxi because our bags were so
huge that we could hardly lift them. We came home completely broke but happy. Vocabulary to go shopping ходить по магазинам salary ['saelari] зарплата to need badly очень нуждаться supermarket ['su:pa,ma:kit] универсам department store [di'pa-.tmant sto:] универмаг to go through [0ru:] зд. пройтись on one's way по
дороге, на пути choice [tfois] выбор impressive [im'presiv] впечатляющий counter ['kaunta] прилавок sausage [-sosid3] колбаса poultry ['pauttri] птица bakery ['beikari] хлебный отдел roll [raul] булочка biscuits ['biskits] печенье dairy ['deari] молочные продукты cream [kri:m] сливки nicely packed красиво упакованный cashier [kse'Jie] кассир basket ['ba:skit] корзина right across the street прямо через дорогу video equipment [i'kwipmant] видео-аппаратура hi-fi [,hai'fai] equipment аудио-аппаратура to go past пройти мимо men's clothing department отдел мужской одежды suit [su:t /
sju:t] костюм slim стройный to suit perfectly
быть впору, прекрасно подходить size размер to try on примерять I couldn't help
laughing Я не мог не рассмеяться to suggest [sa'd3est] предлагать separately ['sepratli] отдельно gentleman ['d3entlmen] джентльмен pin-striped ['pinstraipt] jacket пиджак в тонкую полоску to match
соответствовать, подходить, сочетаться immediately
[i'mi:diatli] сразу же, немедленно huge [hju:d3]
огромный hardly едва, с
трудом to lift поднимать completely [kam'pli:tli] совершенно broke [brauk] без денег Questions 1. Who does the shopping in your family? 2. How often do you go shopping? 3. Do you prefer to go shopping on weekdays or at the
weekend? 4. Do you like to go to small shops or to big
department stores and supermarkets? 5. Which do you think is the most convenient time for
shopping? 6. Some people are fond of window-shopping (разглядывание витрин). Can you say that you belong to such people? 7. What are the advantages and disadvantages of big
supermarkets? 8. When did you last go shopping? What did you buy? MY PLANS
FOR THE FUTURE When you leave school you understand that the time to
choose your future profession has come. It's not an easy task to make the right
choice of a job. I have known for a long time that leaving school is the
beginning of my independent life, the beginning of a far more serious
examination of my abilities and character. I have asked myself a lot of times: "What do I
want to be when I leave school?" A few years ago it was difficult for me
to give a definite answer. As the years passed I changed my mind a lot of times
about which science or field of industry to specialize in. It was difficult to
make up my mind and choose one of the hundreds jobs to which I might be better
suited. A couple of years ago I wanted to become a doctor. I thought
it was a very noble profession. I was good at biology and chemistry in the 8th
and 9th forms. I wanted to help people who had problems with health. I knew
that a doctor should be noble in work and life, kind and attentive to people,
responsible and reasonable, honest and prudent. A doctor, who is selfish,
dishonest can't be good at his profession. I tried to do my best to develop
good traits in myself. Now I have already decided what to do. I'd like to be
a teacher. I know that it's very difficult to become a good teacher. You should
know perfectly the subject you teach, you must be well-educated and
well-informed. An ignorant teacher teaches ignorance, a fearful teacher teaches
fear, a bored teacher teaches boredom. But a good teacher develops in his pupils the burning
desire to know and love for the truth and beauty. As John Steinbeck once said,
a great teacher is a great artist and you know how few great artists there are
in the world. Teaching might even be the greatest of the arts. It's a great
responsibility to bring up children. I think that's the reason why teachers are
deeply respected. More and more people realise that every educated
person should know a foreign language. That's why I'm going to become an English
teacher. I always remember these famous words and I'm going to teach them to my
pupils: "He, who doesn't know a foreign language, doesn't know his own
language". Names John Steinbeck
['steinbek] Джон Стейнбек (известный американский писатель) Vocabulary choice [t/ois] выбор to develop [di'vetep] развивать independent [jndPpendant] независимый trait [trei/treit] черта характера far more гораздо более well-informed эрудированный serious ['siarias] серьезный ignorant f'ignarant] несведущий, незнающий, ма- ability [a'biliti] способность лообразованный character ['kaerakta] характер ignorance [Ignarans] невежество, незнание, нео- to change one's mind передумать сведомленность to make up one's mind решить(ся) fearful [fiaful] робкий, пугливый to suit [sju:t] подходить fear [fia] страх, боязнь noble ['naubl] благородный bored [bo:d] уставший, безразличный, равнодушный attentive [a'tentiv] внимательный boredom ['bo:damj скука responsible [ris'ponsibl] ответственный burning desire [di'zaia] жгучее желание reasonable ['ri:zanabl] разумный, обладающий responsibility [risponsi'biliti] ответственность здравым смыслом to
bring up воспитывать prudent
['pru:dant] осмотрительный, осторожный, reason ['ri:zn] причина благоразумный
deeply f'dhpli] глубоко selfish ['selfij]
эгоистичный to respect [ri'spekt] уважать dishonest [dis'onist] бесчестный to realize ['rialaiz] понимать, осознавать Questions 1. Have you decided on your career? 2. When did you begin making plans for the future? 3. When were you able to give a definite answer about
your future profession? Did anybody help you to make the choice? 4. Are you going to work and study at the same time? 5. Why do you think teaching is a noble profession? 6. What traits must a good teacher have? 7. What difficulties of teaching profession can you
name? 8. What did Steinbeck say about teaching? 9. What other jobs do you know? 10. In what jobs is the knowledge of a foreign
language necessary? 11. Would you rather have a dull well-paid job or an
interesting but poorly-paid job? 12. Have you got computer skills? 13. Do you think people will work less in the future? 14. Do you believe that one day teachers will be
replaced by computers? MY MEALS It goes without saying that I prefer to have meals at
home. At the weekend I like to get up late and have a good breakfast of
scrambled eggs, or pancakes, or something like that. But on weekdays I'm always
short of time in the morning. So I just have a cup of strong tea or coffee and
a couple of sandwiches. As I spend a lot of time at school (usually eight or
nine hours) it's necessary to have a snack at midday just to keep me going.
That's why I have to go to the school canteen to have lunch. Our school canteen
leaves much to be desired. It has become a tradition with our canteen to serve
chops and watery mashed potatoes every day with a glass of cocoa or stewed
fruit. But I enjoy my evening meal at home. My mother is a
wonderful cook and her dinners are always delicious and various. To begin with, we usually have some salad - - tomato
and cucumber salad or mixed salad (I like it very much). For the first course
we have some soup — noodle, mushroom or cabbage soup, or maybe some fish soup for
a change. For the main course we have meat, chicken or fish dishes, for
example, steak or fried fish with spaghetti or potatoes (boiled or fried). We
also have a lot of vegetables — green peas, carrots, tomatoes, cucumbers. I
prefer meat to fish but my mother makes me eat fish from time to time. She says
it's good for my brains. For dessert we have some fruit, fruit juice or just a
cup of tea with a slice of cake. On Sundays we sometimes go to McDonald's. I like
everything there: cheeseburgers, hamburgers and Big Macs, apple pies and fruit
cocktails. But unfortunately we can't afford to go there very often, because
it's rather expensive for a family and besides, they say it's not very healthy
to eat at McDonald's. Vocabulary it goes without saying само собой разумеется couple ['1<лр1] пара, два to prefer [pitfe:] предпочитать, отдавать sandwich ['sanwid3] бутерброд, сандвич предпочтение to
have a snack перекусить scrambled eggs
rskraembld 'egzl яичница pancakes
[-paenkeiks] блины, оладьи to keeP smb 8ОШ« Д™ поддержания сил short of time не
хватает времени canteen [kaen'ti:n] столовая leaves much to be desired [di'zaiad] оставляет желать лучшего to serve ['S3:v]
обслуживать, подавать a chop котлета watery ['wo:tri] водянистый mashed f'maejt] potatoes картофельное пюре cocoa f'kaukau] какао stewed fruit ['stju:d 'fru:t] компот delicious [di'lijas] вкусный various [vearias] разнообразный to begin with для начала salad f'saelad] салат tomato [ta'ma:t9u] помидор cucumber ['kju:kamba] огурец mixed [mikst] смешанный noodle ['nurdlj soup куриный суп с лапшой mushroom ['rmjru:m] soup грибной суп cabbage ['ksebidj] soup щи for a change для разнообразия steak [steik] кусок мяса, лангет, бифштекс spaghetti [spa'geti] спагетти to boil [boil] варить to fry [frai] жарить green peas [pi:z] зеленый горошек carrot ['kaerat] морковь to make smb do smth заставлять кого-либо делать что-либо from time to time
время от времени brain [brein] мозг dessert [di'za:!] десерт juice [d3u:s] сок slice [slais] ломтик, кусочек cheeseburger ['tji:zb3:ga] чизбургер (бутерброд с бифштексом и
сыром) hamburger
['МзетЬз:дэ] гамбургер (булочка с руб- леным бифштексом) Big Mac [,big
'maek] Биг Мак (фирменное название многослойного
бутерброда) apple pie [pai]
пирог (пирожок) с яблоками fruit cocktail
['kokteil] фруктовый коктейль unfortunately
[An'fortjhitii] к сожалению to afford [a'fo:d]
позволять себе they say
говорят... it's not very
healthy [tieiei] зд. вредно для здоровья Questions 1. How many meals a day do you usually have? 2. What do you usually have for breakfast? 3. Where do you have lunch (dinner)? 4. How many courses does your lunch (dinner) usually
consist of? 5. What is your favourite dish? 6. What vegetables do you like? 7. What do you usually have for dessert? 8. How often do you eat out? 9. Have you ever eaten at McDonald's? 10. Some people say that eating at a restaurant is a
waste of money. Do you agree? 11. Can you cook? 12. Do you agree that the best cooks in the world are
men? AT THE
DOCTOR'S Is there anything more important than health? I don't
think so. "Health is the greatest wealth," wise people say. You can't
be good at your studies or work well when you are ill. If you have a headache, heartache, toothache,
backache, earache or bad pain in the stomach, if you complain of a sore throat
or a bad cough, if you run a high temperature and have a bad cold in your head,
or if you suffer from high or low blood pressure, I think you should consult a
doctor. The doctor will examine your throat, feel your pulse,
test your blood pressure, take your temperature, sound your heart and lungs,
test your eyes, check your teeth or have your chest X-rayed. After that he will prescribe some treatment, pills,
tablets or some other medicine which we can buy at the chemist's. He will
recommend you to stay in bed for some time, because there might be serious
complications. The only thing you have to do is to follow his recommendations. Speaking about doctors' recommendations, I can't help
telling you one funny story. An old gentleman came to see the doctor. The man was
very ill. He complained of weakness, insomnia, memory loss and serious problems
with his heart, lungs and liver. The doctor examined the patient and said that
no medicine could cure his desease. Do you want to know what the doctor's advice was? He told his patient to go to a quiet place for a month
and have a good rest. He also advised him to eat a lot of meat, drink two
glasses of red wine every day and take long walks. In other words, the doctor
recommended him to follow the rule: "Eat at pleasure, drink with measure
and enjoy life as it is." The doctor also said that if the man wanted to be well
again, he shouldn't smoke more than one cigarette a day. A month later the gentleman came into the doctor's
office. He looked cheerful and happy. He thanked the doctor and said that he
had never felt a healthier man. "But you know, doctor," he said, "it's
not easy to begin smoking at my age." Vocabulary health [helG] здоровье wealth [we!6] богатство wise [waiz] мудрый to be good at studies хорошо учиться headache ['hedeik] головная боль heartache ['ha:teik] боль в сердце toothache ['tu:Oeik] зубная боль backache ['bsekeikj боль в спине или в пояснице earache f'iareik]
боль в ухе bad pain сильная
боль stomach ['st/unak] желудок; живот to complain [kam'plein] of жаловаться на sore throat [.so: 'Graut] боль в горле cough [kof] кашель to run a high temperature ['tempritfa] иметь высокую температуру
bad cold in one's
head сильная простуда to suffer ['SAfa] from страдать от blood pressure ['blAd ,preja] кровяное давление to consult [kan'sAlt] a doctor обратиться к врачу to examine [ig'zaemin] осмотреть to feel one's pulse [рл!з] проверить пульс to test one's blood pressure измерить кровяное давление to take one's temperature измерить температуру to sound one's heart and lungs [IAQZ] прослушать сердце и легкие to test one's eyes
проверить зрение to check one's teeth проверить зубы to have one's chest X-rayed ['eksreidj сделать рентген грудной
клетки to prescribe
[pri'skraib] прописать (лечение), выписать (рецепт) treatment
['trhtmantj лечение pill пилюля tablet ['taeblit] таблетка medicine ['medsan] лекарство at the chemist's ['kemistsj в аптеке complication [jompli'keijn] осложнение to follow one's recommendations следовать рекомендациям I can't help
telling я не могу не рассказать weakness
['wi:knis] слабость insomnia
[irrsomnia] бессоница memory loss потеря памяти liver [live] печень patient ['peifantj пациент to cure [kjua] излечивать desease [di'zhz] болезнь quiet f'kwaiat] тихий, спокойный to have a good rest хорошо отдохнуть to take long walks много ходить пешком rule [ru:l] правило Eat at pleasure ['р!езэ], drink with measure ['meja] and enjoy life as it is. Ешьте вволю, пейте
в меру и наслаждайтесь
жизнью. to be well хорошо
себя чувствовать to smoke [smauk] курить cheerful ['tfiaful] бодрый at my age [eid3] в моем возрвсте Questions 1. Do you agree with the saying "Health is the
greatest wealth"? 2. The doctor recommended his patient to follow the
rule: "Eat at pleasure, drink with measure and enjoy life as it is."
What do you think of this piece of advice? 3. When were you last ill? What did you complain of? 4. Did you see the doctor? 5. Did you have to stay in bed? 6. What treatment did the doctor prescribe? 7. How long did it take you to get well? 8. Have you ever had complications after a disease?
Which did you take harder, the disease itself or the complications after it? 9. What do you usually do when you have a headache? 10. How often do you go to the dentist to check your
teeth? 11. How long does it usually take you to recover from
cold? 12. Have you ever been operated on? Was it serious? Hobbies and Pastimes HOBBIES Hobbies differ like tastes. If you have chosen a hobby
according to your character and taste you are lucky because your life becomes
more interesting. Hobbies are divided into four large classes: doing
things, making things, collecting things, and learning things. The most popular of all hobby groups is doing things.
It includes a wide variety of activities, everything from gardening to
travelling and from chess to volleyball. Gardening is one of the oldest of man's hobbies. It's
a well-known fact that the English are very fond of gardening and growing
flowers, especially roses. Both grown-ups and children are fond of playing
different computer games. This is a relatively new hobby but it's becoming more
and more popular. Making things includes drawing, painting, making
sculpture, designing costumes, handicrafts. Two of the most famous hobby
painters were President Eisenhower and Sir Winston Churchill. Some hobbyists
write music or play musical instruments. Almost everyone collects something at some period in
his life: stamps, coins, matchboxes, books, records, postcards, toys, watches.
Some collections have no real value. Others become so large and so valuable
that they are housed in museums and galleries. Many world-famous collections
started in a small way with one or two items. People with a good deal of money
often collect paintings, rare books and other art objects. Often such private
collections are given to museums, libraries and public galleries so that others
might take pleasure in seeing them. No matter what kind of hobby a person has, he always
has the opportunity of learning from it. By reading about the things he is
interested in, he is adding to what he knows. Learning things can be the most
exciting aspect of a hobby. Names Eisenhower ['aiznhaua] Эйзенхауэр (президент Winston Churchill [,winsten 'tfaitjil] Уинстон Черчилль США с 1953 по
1961г.; знаменитый генерал (известный политический деятель, премьер-министр американской армии
во время IIмировой войны) Великобритании во время IIмировой войны) Vocabulary character ['kaerakta] характер taste [teist] вкус according [a'ko:dio] to по, согласно to include [in'klu:d] включать variety [va'raiati] разнообразие activity [aek'tiviti] занятие gardening f'ga:dnio] садоводство grown-up
[удгэип'лр] взрослый (человек) relatively
['retetivli] относительно, сравнительно drawing [-dro:ig]
рисование painting ['peintiij] живопись sculpture ['skAlptJa] скульптура to design
[di'zain] создавать, моделировать, конструировать costume
['kostju:m] одежда, костюм handicraft
['haendikrarft] ремесло, ручная работа hobbyist
f'hobiist] любитель, человек имеющий определенное хобби
to collect
[ka'lekt] собирать stamp марка coin монета matchbox спичечный
коробок record ['reko:d]
пластинка postcard
['paus(t)ka:d] почтовая открытка value [vaelju:]
ценность valuable ['vaeljuabl]
ценный, дорогой to house [hauz]
помещать, размещать in a small way в
малом масштабе, понемногу item ['aitam] предмет a good deal of много rare [геэ] редкий private ['praivit]
частный, личный to take pleasure in получать удовольствие от no matter what kind of hobby a person has чем бы человек ни
увлекался opportunity
[ppa'tju:niti] возможность to add добавлять exciting
[ik'saitirj] увлекательный, захватывающий aspect f'aespekt] аспект, сторона Questions 1. Tastes differ. Can you say the same about hobbies? 2. Have you chosen a hobby according to your character
and taste? 3. Which hobby groups do you know? 4. The most popular hobby group is doing things, isn't
it? What kind of activities does this group include? 5. What do you know about gardening? 6. Do you like computer games? 7. Are you fond of making things? 8. Do you know any famous hobbyists? 9. Have you ever collected anything? 10. What can be collected? 11. Do you know of any private collections that were
given to museums or art galleries? 12. Do you agree that learning can be the most
exciting aspect of a hoMY
FRIEND'S HOBBY My friend Nick is very busy and he doesn't have much
time to spare. But he's got a lot of hobbies and interests. Five years ago Nick was fond of collecting stamps. His
hobby helped him to learn a lot about other countries and other peoples'
traditions, the world's flora and fauna. Maybe that's why he was good at
geography and biology at school. He used to bring the albums to school and we examined
his stamps with great interest and envy. Sometimes he exchanged stamps with his
schoolmates. When Nick was in the tenth form his parents bought him
a compact disc player and Nick decided to collect compact discs. Today, he has
got more than one hundred CDs of his favourite groups and singers! I think that
he is very proud of his collection. Every time Nick buys a new CD he carefully studies the
information printed on disc booklets. He also tries to find out everything
about the singers he likes. That's why he reads a lot of specialised magazines
and books on the history of rock. Nick never misses MTV shows — he thinks he must keep
up with the news in the world of music. He says he likes all types of music
except "rave". He even writes letters to some fan-clubs in other
countries, so he has to brush up his English. Nick never misses a concert of his favourite group. He
brings his compact discs to the concert and asks the singers for their
autographs. But in spite of his new hobby, Nick sometimes sits in
his room and looks through his albums of stamps (with his earphones on, of
course). Names MTV [,em ti: 'vi:]
= music television (24-часовой музыкальный канал американского телевидения) Vocabulary time to spare ['spea] свободное время flora f'fkxra]
растительный мир fauna ['fo:na]
животный мир to be good at быть способным к envy f'envi] зависть to exchange [iks'tjeind3] обмениваться schoolmates школьные друзья compact disc ['kompaekt 'disk] player проигрыватель компакт-дисков booklet ['buklit]
вкладыш (к компакт-дискам) specialised
['spejalaizd] специализированный to keep up with быть
в курсе, не отставать rave [reiv] рейв
(музыкальный стиль) to brush up освежать (в памяти), восстанавливать fan-club клуб
любителей (той или иной группы) autograph ['o:tsgra:f] автограф Questions 1. Nick doesn't have much time to spare, does he? 2. Why was he good at geography and biology at school? 3. What is his new hobby? 4. Why does Nick try not to miss MTV shows? 5. Do you think his English is good? 6. Have you ever written a fan letter to your
favourite singer? 7. Are you fond of listening to music? 8. What kind of music do you prefer? 9. Do you play any musical instruments? 10. Have you ever collected anything? 11. What is your hobby? 12. What is your best friend's hobby? 13. Which of your friends collects stamps (records,
compact discs, etc)? 14. Do you watch MTV? 15. How do you usually spend your leisure (['1езэ] досуг) time? TRAVELLING Millions of people all over the world spend their
holidays travelling. They travel to see other countries and continents, modern cities
and the ruins of ancient towns, they travel to enjoy picturesque places, or
just for a change of scene. It's always interesting to discover new things,
different ways of life, to meet different people, to try different food, to
listen to different musical rhythms. Those who live in the country like to go to a big city
and spend their time visiting museums and art galleries, looking at shop
windows and dining at exotic restaurants. City-dwellers usually like a quiet
holiday by the sea or in the mountains, with nothing to do but walk and bathe
and laze in the sun. Most travellers and holiday-makers take a camera with
them and take pictures of everything that interests them — the sights of a
city, old churches and castles, views of mountains, lakes, valleys, plains,
waterfalls, forests; different kinds of trees, flowers and plants, animals and
birds. Later, perhaps years later, they will be reminded by
the photos of the happy time they have had. People travel by train, by plane, by boat and by car. All means of travel have their advantages and
disadvantages. And people choose one according to their plans and destinations. If we are fond of travelling, we see and learn a lot
of things that we can never see or learn at home, though we may read about them
in books and newspapers, and see pictures of them on TV. The best way to study
geography is to travel, and the best way to get to know and understand people
is to meet them in their own homes. Vocabulary ruins ['ridnz] руины, развалины ancient ['einjant] древний to enjoy [in'd30i] наслаждаться picturesque [piktja'resk] живописный change of scene [si:n] перемена обстановки to discover [dis'k/we] открывать, обнаруживать rhythm [ridm] ритм art gallery ['gaeleri] картинная галерея exotic [ig'zotik] экзотический restaurant ['restront] ресторан city-dweller ['dwele] горожанин to bathe [beid] купаться to laze [leiz] in the sun валяться на солнце holiday-maker отдыхающий, отпускник camera ['kaemare] фотоаппарат to take pictures of фотографировать sight ['salt] вид church [tjaitj] церковь castle f'ka:sl] замок view [yju:] вид valley [vaeli] долина plain [plein] равнина waterfall ['wo:tafo:l] водопад to remind [ri'maind] напоминать photo ['feutauj фотография advantage [ed'va:ntid3] преимущество disadvantage [,disad'va:ntid3] недостаток destination
[,desti'neijn] место назначения, цель (путешествия,
похода и т.п.) Questions 1. Are you fond of travelling? 2. Why do people travel? 3. Why do people take a camera with them? What do they
usually photograph? 4. What do we see and learn while travelling? 5. Do you agree that travelling broadens our minds? 6. How do different people spend their holidays? 7. What means of travel do you know? What are their
advantages and disadvantages? 8. What places have you visited? 9. Have you ever taken a holiday cruise ([kru:z] круиз) along the Black Sea coast or down the Volga? 10. Some people prefer to travel on their own and hate
travelling in a group. What about you? 11. What countries would you like to visit? 12. Do you like to explore new places? 13. If someone invited you to spend a week on a desert
island, would you agree? 14. Do you believe that one day people will be able to
travel hi space? 15. Would you like to go to Mars or some other planet? MY LAST
SUMMER HOLIDAYS Ialways look forward to my summer holidays. In my
opinion, there's nothing like the Russian countryside. We've got a small
country house in a very picturesque place not far from Zagorsk. There's a river
and a lake there. My friends and I often go swimming and boating there. I'm
also fond of lying in the sun. There's a lot offish in the lake, so I sometimes go
fishing. I like to sit in silence for a while waiting for a fish to get caught
and listening to the birds singing in the trees. When I happen to catch a fish
I set it free at once, because I do fishing just for pleasure. When it's very hot I usually go to the forest. The air
is cool there. I like to walk in the shade of the trees and pick mushrooms and
berries. I've got a dog called Jack. He becomes so happy when I take him with
me to the forest. Jack likes to run after butterflies or dragonflies. I
sometimes play with him. I throw a stick and he brings it back to me. But last summer my parents decided to go to some other
place for a change. They made up their minds to go to the Crimea. I think it
was the greatest mistake they had ever made. This, in a nutshell, is what
happened. To begin with, it was very difficult to find a place
to stay. We rented a room in a house a long way from the sea. It was the only
place we managed to get. It took us about half an hour to get to the beach. But
it didn't matter, as it turned out a few days later. Suddenly our happy sunny
days were over. It started to rain. It occasionally cleared up for a while but
then the rain went on again. All we could do was to spend all our time in the
cinema or in a cafe. It was impossible to leave because we had made
reservations beforehand and we had to spend another week there. I had never seen so many films in my life. By the end
of the week I got very tired of the cinema and I could only lie on the bed
reading books or staring at the ceiling. At last the happy day of our departure came. You can't
imagine how astonished we were. The sun began to shine early in the morning. It
seemed to me that it was laughing at us. After that holiday we decided to spend every summer in
the country. Names the Crimea [krai'mia] Крым Vocabulary to look forward ['fcxwad] to с нетерпением ждать чего-либо in my opinion [a'pinjan] по-моему there's nothing like нет ничего лучше countryside ['kAntrisaid] сельская местность picturesque [piktja'resk] живописный to be fond of doing smth увлекаться чем-либо, любить чем-либо
заниматься to lie in the sun
загорать for a while некоторое время to wait for a fish to get caught ждать, когда поймается рыбка when I happen to
когда я, случается... to set free
отпустить, освободить at once сразу же to do fishing
заниматься рыбной ловлей in the shade в тени butterfly ['bAtaflai] бабочка dragonfly ['draeganflai] стрекоза for a change для разнообразия to make up one's mind решить (что-либо сделать) in a nutshell ['rmtjel] вкратце to rent снять
(дом, комнату, квартиру) to manage to do smth суметь что-либо сделать as it turned out как оказалось occasionally
[a'keisnali] от случая к случаю, иногда to clear up
проясниться (о погоде) to go on продолжать to make reservations [,reza'veifnz] забронировать, заказать заранее beforehand
[bi'fo:hsend] заблаговременно to stare [stea] at
smth уставиться на что-либо to be astonished [a'stonift] быть в изумлении Questions 1. Where do you usually spend your summer holidays? 2. Do you always look forward to your summer holidays? 3. What do you usually do in summer? 4. Do you like to go swimming (boating)? 5. Are you fond of lying in the sun? 6. What do you usually do in hot weather? 7. Are you fond of fishing? 8. What do you enjoy doing in the evenings? 9. Have you ever been to the Crimea? 10. Where did you spend your last summer holidays? 11. What is your idea of an ideal holiday? 12. Where would you like to spend your next summer
holidays? MY
FAVOURITE SEASON There are four seasons in a year: spring, summer,
autumn and winter. Every season is beautiful in its own way. When spring comes nature awakens from its long winter
sleep. The days become longer and the nights become shorter. The ground is
covered with emeraldgreen grass and spring flowers. The air is fresh, the sky
is blue and cloudless, and the sun shines brightly. The trees are in full
blossom. The nightingale begins to sing its lovely songs, and sweet melodies
may be heard from every wood and park. The days are warm and everything is full
of life and joy. Spring is followed by summer. The weather is usually
fine in summer, but it can be very hot, especially in July. Sometimes there are
storms with thunder and lightning. In summer people try to get away from the
city noise and spend more time in the open air. They pick mushrooms and berries
in the forest, swim in the rivers and lakes, go fishing and boating. Most
people prefer to have their holidays in summer. Autumn begins in September. The days become shorter
and the nights become longer. The leaves turn yellow, red and brown and fall to
the ground. Most birds fly away to warm countries. There's a short
spell of dry sunny weather in September which is called Indian Summer. It's a
beautiful time when the sky is cloudless, the trees around are golden, the air
is transparent and it's still warm. But gradually it gets colder and colder. It
often rains in October and November which makes autumn an unpleasant season. In winter the sun sets early and rises late. The
rivers and lakes are frozen over. Everything is covered with snow. Sometimes
it's very cold, about 25-30 degrees below zero. Going out in such weather isn't
very pleasant. Winter is a good time for sports. People go in for skating and
skiing. Tobogganing is also popular, not as a kind of sports, but rather as
fun. As for me, I like all seasons, but I think there's
nothing like late spring. Vocabulary season ['si:zn] время года to be in blossom быть в цвету nature ['neitja] природа nightingale ['naitiqgeil] соловей to awaken [a'weikn] пробуждать(ся) lovely [1/wli] красивый, прекрасный ground [graund] земля sweet зд. приятный to cover ['k/wa] покрывать melody ['meladi] мелодия emerald-green [,етэгэИ 'gn:n] изумрудно-зеленый joy [d30i] радость fresh свежий thunder ['G/vida]
гром lightning [laitnirj] молния to pick mushrooms and berries собирать грибы и ягоды to go fishing
заниматься рыбной ловлей to go boating кататься на лодке to prefer [pri'fa:] предпочитать transparent [traen'spearant] прозрачный to freeze (froze, frozen) замерзать tobogganing [ta'boganig] катание на санках there's nothing like нет ничего лучше Questions 1. How many seasons are there in a year? 2. When does nature awaken from her long winter sleep? 3. Why do we like spring so much? 4. Why do people try to spend more time in the open
air in summer? 5. Is summer the best season for tourism? 6. Where did you go last summer? 7. Do you like Indian summer? Why? 8. Do you like late autumn? 9. What do you usually do on a nasty rainy day? 10. What is the weather like in whiter? 11. Do you go in for skating or skiing? 12. Were you fond of playing snowballs and making
snowmen when you were a child? 13. Most people prefer summer to any other season of
the year. What about you? 14. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each
season? Countries and Cities GREAT
BRITAIN The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two
large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and about five thousand small
islands. Their total area is over 244,000 square kilometres. The United Kingdom is made up of four countries:
England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London,
Cardiff, Edinburgh and Belfast respectively. Great Britain consists of England,
Scotland and Wales and does not include Northern Ireland. But in everyday
speech "Great Britain" is used to mean the United Kingdom. The
capital of the UK is London. The British Isles are separated from the continent by
the North Sea and the English Channel. The western coast of Great Britain is
washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea. Shakespeare called Britain a "precious stone set
in the silver sea" because of its natural beauty. It has a varied
countryside where you can find mountains, plains, valleys and sandy beaches.
Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain, but it is only 1343 metres high. There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain, but they
are not very long. The Severn is the longest river, while the Thames is the
deepest and the most important one. The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters
of Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British Isles. It is mild the whole
year round. The UK is one of the world's smaller countries. Its
population is over 58 million. About 80% of the population live in cities. The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It is
known as one of the world's largest producers and exporters of machinery,
electronics, textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. One of the chief
industries of the country is shipbuilding. The UK is a constitutional monarchy. In law, the Head
of State is the Queen. In practice, the Queen reigns, but does not rule. The
country is ruled by the elected government with the Prime Minister at the head.
The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the
House of Commons. There are three main political parties in Great
Britain: the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal parties. Names The United [jirnaitid] Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern ['no:dan] Ireland ['aialand] Соединенное Королевство
Великобритании и Северной Ирландии theBritishIsles [ailz] Британские острова Edinburgh ['edinbara]
Эдинбург Cardiff ['ka:dif] Кардифф Belfast [,bel'fa:st] Белфаст theNorthSeaСеверное море the English
Channel [tjaenl] Английский канал (приня- тое в
Великобритании название пролива Ла-Манш) the Atlantic Ocean [a,tlaentik 'aujn] Атлантический океан the Irish ['aiarij] Sea Ирландское море Shakespeare ['Jeikspia] Шекспир Ben Nevis [ben 'neyis] Бен Невис the Severn ['seven] Северн the Thames [temz] Темза Gulf Stream ['длК strhm] Гольфстрим the House of Lords палата лордов the House of Commons палата общин the Labour [leiba], the Conservative [kan'saivativ] and the Liberal [liberal] parties Лейбористская, Консервативная и
Либеральная партии Vocabulary to be situated
['sitjueitid] быть расположенным to consist [kan'sist] of состоять из total area [,tautl 'earia] общая площадь kilometre ['kila,mi:ta] километр respectively [ri'spektivli] соответственно to include [in'klu:d] включать to mean [mi:n] (meant) означать to separate ['separeit] разделять to wash омывать precious ['prejas] драгоценный varied [vearid] разнообразный, меняющийся (ландшафт) plain ['plain] равнина valley ['vaeli] долина sandy beach ['bi:tj] песчаный пляж deep глубокий to influence ['influans] влиять climate ['klaimit] климат mild [maild] мягкий, умеренный the whole year round круглый год population [popjuleijn] население highly developed [divelapt] высокоразвитый producer [pra'dju:sa] производитель exporter [ik'spo:ta] экспортер machinery [ma'Jhnari] машинное оборудование electronics [/elik'traniks] электроника textile ['tekstail] текстиль aircraft ['eakraift] самолеты navigation [.naevi'geijn] судоходство equipment [i'kwipmant] оборудование chief [tfl:f]
главный, основной shipbuilding
кораблестроение constitutional
monarchy [.konsti'tjujanl 'monaki] конституционная
монархия in law [b:] по
закону the head of state
глава государства queen [kwi:n]
королева in practice
['praktis] фактически, на практике to reign [rein] царствовать to rule [ru:l] править to elect [ilekt] выбирать government ['gwanmant] правительство Prime Minister премьер-министр at the head во главе parliament ['paMamant] парламент chamber ['tjeimba] палата Questions 1. The UK is an island state, isn't it? Where is it
situated? 2. What countries is the UK made of? What are their
capitals? 3. What channel separates the British Isles from the
European continent? 4. Who called Britain a "precious stone set in
the silver sea"? 5. The surface of the British Isles varies very much,
doesn't it? 6. What's the highest mountain on the British Isles? 7. Are there a lot of long and deep rivers in Great
Britain? 8. Why is the climate of the British Isles mild? 9. Is the UK a large country? 10. What's the UK's population? 11. The UK is a highly developed industrial country.
What does it produce and export? 12. The UK is a constitutional monarchy. What does it
mean? CLIMATE
AND WEATHER IN GREAT BRITAIN The climate in Great Britain is mild and temperate due
to the influence of the Gulf Stream. The British often say: "Other countries have a
climate; in England we have weather." The weather in Britain is very
changeable. A fine morning can change into a wet afternoon and evening. And a
nasty morning can change to a fine afternoon. That's why it is natural for the
British to use the comparison "as changeable as the weather" of a
person who often changes his mood or opinion about something. The British also say that they have three variants of
weather: when it rains in the morning, when it rains in the afternoon or when
it rains all day long. The weather is the favourite conversational topic in
England. When two Englishmen meet, their first words will be "How do you
do?" or "How are you?" And after the reply "Very well,
thank you; how are you?" the next remark is almost certain to be about the
weather. When they go abroad the British often surprise people of other nationalities
by this tendency to talk about the weather, a topic of conversation that other
people do not find so interesting. The best time of the year in Britain is spring (of course,
it rains in spring too). The two worst months in Britain are January and
February. They are cold, damp and unpleasant. The best place in the world then
is at home by the big fire. Summer months are rather cold and there can be a lot
of rainy days. So most people who look forward to summer holidays, plan to go
abroad for the summer — to France, Spain or some other place on the Continent. The most unpleasant aspect of British weather is fog
and smog. This is extremely bad in big cities and especially in London. The fog spreads everywhere, it is in the streets and
it creeps into the houses. Cars move along slowly, but still street accidents
are frequent in the fog. People cannot see each other. They creep along the
houses touching them with their hands not to lose their way or not to be run
over by a car. Names Gulf Stream ['длК strhm] Гольфстрим the Continent ['kontinant] континент (так англичане называют Европу) Vocabulary climate ['klaimit] климат mild [maild] мягкий temperate ['temprit] умеренный dueto ['dju: tu:] благодаря, вследствие influence [Influans] влияние changeable ['tjeind3abl] изменчивый, неустойчивый nasty ['na:sti] мерзкий, противный comparison [kam'paerisn] сравнение mood [mu:d] настроение opinion [a'pinjan] мнение remark [ri'ma:k] замечание to go abroad [a'bro:d] поехать за границу nationality [jiaeja'naeliti] национальность tendency ['tendansi] тенденция damp влажный, сырой fire [faia] камин to look forward ['fo:wad] to с нетерпением ждать aspect ['aespekt] аспект, сторона fog туман smog (smoke + fog) смог extremely [iks'titmli] чрезвычайно to spread [spred] (spread) распространять(ся), расстилать(ся) to creep (crept)
ползти, красться accident ['asksidant] несчастный случай frequent [fitkwent] частый to lose way заблудиться to be run over by a car попасть под машину Questions 1. Why is the climate in Britain mild? 2. The weather in Britain is very changeable, isn't
it? 3. What comparison do the British use when they want
to describe a person whose mood and opinion changes very often? 4. How often does it rain in Britain? 5. The weather is the favourite conversational topic
in England, isn't it? Do you find this topic of conversation interesting? 6. What is the best time of the year in Britain? 7. When do the British prefer to stay at home by the
big fire? 8. How do the British spend their short British
summer? 9. What do you know about London fogs? 10. What kind of weather do you like best of all? 11. Where do you get the weather forecast (['fo:ka:st]
прогноз погоды) from? Do you always believe it? 12. Which do you like better: when it's cold or hot? 13. What is the weather like today? 14. Do you know the weather forecast for tomorrow? 15. What is the weather like in Russia in winter
(summer, autumn, spring)? LONDON London is the capital of Great Britain, its political,
economic and commercial centre. It's one of the largest cities in the world and
the largest city in Europe. Its population is about 8 million. London is one of the oldest and most interesting
cities in the world. Traditionally it's divided into several parts: the
City, Westminster, the West End and the East End. They are very different from
each other and seem to belong to different towns and epochs. The heart of London is the City, its financial and
business centre. Numerous banks, offices and firms are situated there,
including the Bank of England, the Stock Exchange and the Old Bailey. Few
people live here, but over a million people come to the City to work. There are
some famous ancient buildings within the City. Perhaps the most striking of
them is St Paul's Cathedral, the greatest of British churches. It was built in
the 17th century by Sir Christopher Wren. The Tower of London was founded by Julius
Caesar and in 1066 rebuilt by William the Conqueror. It was used as a fortress,
a royal palace and a prison. Now it's a museum. Westminster is the historic, the governmental part of
London. Westminster Abbey has more historic associations than
any other building in Britain. Nearly all English kings and queens have been
crowned here. Many outstanding statesmen, scientists, writers, poets and
painters are buried here: Newton, Darwin, Chaucer, Dickens, Tennyson, Kipling. Across the road from Westminster Abbey is Westminster
Palace, or the Houses of Parliament, the seat of the British Parliament. The
Clock Tower of the Houses of Parliament is famous for its big hour bell, known
as "Big Ben". Buckingham Palace is the official residence of the
Queen. The West End is the richest and most beautiful part of
London. It's the symbol of wealth and luxury. The best hotels, shops,
restaurants, clubs, and theatres are situated there. There are splendid houses
and lovely gardens belonging to wealthy people. Trafalgar Square is the geographical centre of London.
It was named in memory of Admiral Nelson's victory in the battle of Trafalgar
in 1805. The tall Nelson's Column stands in the middle of the square. On the north side of Trafalgar Square is the National
Gallery and the National Portrait Gallery. Not far away is the British Museum -
- the biggest museum in London. It contains a priceless collection of ancient
manuscripts, coins, sculptures, etc, and is famous for its library. The East End was once the poorest district of London —
with lots of factories and docks, narrow streets and unimpressive buildings.
Today, the district is changing very fast. There are huge offices and new
blocks of flats in the East End. Names the Bank of England Английский банк the Stock Exchange ['stok iks^Jeindj] Лондонская фондовая биржа the Old Bailey
[,auld 'belli] Центральный уголовный суд, находящийся в Олд-Бейли St Paul's Cathedral [sant ,po:fc ka'0i:dral] собор св. Павла (главный
собор англиканской церкви) Sir Christopher Wren [sa: ,kristafa теп] Кристофер Рен the Tower f'taua] of London Лондонский Тауэр Julius Caesar [.djuMias 'si:za] Юлий Цезарь William the Conqueror j^wiljam da 'kot)kara] Вильгельм
Завоеватель, Вильгельм I (первый король из
норманнов в Англии) Westminster Abbey [,westminstar 'aebi] Вестминстерское аббатство Newton ['nju:tn] Ньютон Darwin ['da:win] Дарвин Chaucer ['t|o:sa] Чосер Dickens ['dikinz] Диккенс Tennyson ['tenisn] Теннисон Kipling ['kiplirj] Киплинг Westminster Palace [,westminsta 'paelis] (the Houses of Parliament)
Вестминстерский дворец (здание английского
парламента) Big Ben "Биг
Бен", "Большой Бен" (колокол часов-курантов на
здании парламента, бой которых передается
ежедневно породив как сигнал точного
времени) Buckingham Palace
[.bAkigam -paelis] Букингемский дворец (главная
королевская резиденция в Лондоне) Trafalgar Square
[tra,faelga 'skwea] Трафальгарская площадь Nelson's Column
[,nelsnz 'kolam] колонна Нельсона (памятник адмиралу
Нельсону) the National
Gallery [,naejanl 'gselari] Национальная галерея
(крупнейшее в Великобритании собрание картин) the National Portrait [ po:trit] Gallery Национальная
портретная галерея the British Museum
Британский музей (один из крупнейших в мире) Vocabulary commercial
[ka'rra:Jal] торговый population население to belong [bi'loo] принадлежать epoch f'i:pok] эпоха financial [fai'nsenjal] финансовый numerous ['nju:maras] многочисленный firm фирма ancient ['einjant] древний striking f'straikio] поразительный, замечательный church [t}3:tj] церковь to found [faund] основывать to rebuild [,ri:'bild] перестраивать fortress ['fb:tris] крепость royal ['roial] королевский palace ['paelis] дворец prison ['prizn] тюрьма governmental [,g/vvn'mentl] правительственный association [a,sausi'ei/n] ассоциация to crown [kraun] короновать outstanding [auf staendirj] выдающийся statesman ['steitsman] государственный деятель scientist f'saiantist] ученый painter ['peinta] художник to bury ['ben] хоронить tower ['taua] башня official residence [a,fijal 'rezidans] официальная резиденция wealth [weie]
богатство wealthy [\ге!9!]
богатый symbol ['simbal]
символ luxury ['lAkJari]
роскошь restaurant ['restraint] ресторан splendid ['splendid] великолепный in memory of в память о column f'kolam] колонна to contain [kan'tein] содержать priceless ['praislis] бесценный manuscript ['msenjuskript] рукопись coin монета sculpture ['skAlptJa] скульптура to be famous for быть знаменитым ..., славиться dock док narrow ['naerau] узкий unimpressive [yyiim'presiv] невпечатляющий, невыразительный huge [hju:d3]
огромный Questions 1. Is London the largest city in the world? 2. What's the population of London? 3. Traditionally London is divided into several parts.
Can you name them? 4. What do you know about the City? 5. Who was St Paul's Cathedral built by? 6. Who founded the Tower of London? When was it
rebuilt? 7. What is Westminster Abbey famous for? 8. Where does the British Parliament sit? 9. What is Big Ben? 10. Why was Trafalgar Square named so? 11. Why does Buckingham Palace attract so many
tourists? 12. What are the most famous London museums and art
galleries? THE USA The United States of America is the fourth largest
country in the world (after Russia, Canada and China). It occupies the southern
part of North America and stretches from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean. It
also includes Alaska in the north and Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean. The total
area of the country is about nine and a half million square kilometres. The USA
borders on Canada in the north and on Mexico in the south. It also has a
sea-boarder with Russia. The USA is made up of 50 states and the District of
Columbia, a special federal area where the capital of the country, Washington,
is situated. The population of the country is more than 270 million. If we look at the map of the USA, we can see lowlands
and mountains. The highest mountains are the Rocky Mountains, the
Cordillera and the Sierra Nevada. The highest peak is Mount McKinley which is
located in Alaska. America's largest rivers are the Mississippi, the
Missouri, the Rio Grande and the Columbia. The Great Lakes on the border with
Canada are the largest and deepest in the USA. The climate of the country varies greatly. The coldest
regions are in the north. The climate of Alaska is arctic. The climate of the
central part is continental. The south has a subtropical climate. Hot winds
blowing from the Gulf of Mexico often bring typhoons. The climate along the
Pacific coast is much warmer than that of the Atlantic coast. The USA is a highly developed industrial country. It's
the world's leading producer of copper and oil and the world's second producer
of iron ore and coal. Among the most important manufacturing industries are
aircraft, cars, textiles, radio and television sets, armaments, furniture and
paper. Though mainly European and African in origin,
Americans are made up from nearly all races and nations, including Chinese and
native Americans. The largest cities are: New York, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, San-Francisco, Washington and others. The United States is a federal union of 50 states,
each of which has its own government. The seat of the central (federal)
government is Washington, DC. According to the US Constitution the powers of
the government are divided into 3 branches: the executive, headed by the
President, the legislative, exercised by the Congress, and the judicial. The
Congress consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. There are two main political parties in the USA: the
Republican and the Democratic, though there's hardly any difference between
their political lines. Names the United [ju:'naitid] States of America Соединенные Штаты
Америки Russia [tAja]
Россия Canada ['kaenade] Канада China ['tjaina] Китай North America Северная Америка the Pacific Ocean [pa,sifik 'aujn] Тихий океан the Atlantic Ocean [a,tlaentik 'aufn] Атлантический океан Alaska [a'laeska] Аляска Hawaii [ha'wai-i] Гавайи Mexico ['meksikau] Мексика District of Columbia [.distrikt av ka'lAmbia] округ Колумбия Washington ['wofirjtan] Вашингтон the Rocky Mountains Скалистые горы the Cordillera [,ko:di'jeera] Кордильеры the Sierra Nevada [si,era nivaeda] Сьерра-Невада Mount McKinley [,maunt ma'kinli] гора Мак-Кинли the Mississippi [,misi'sipi] Миссисипи the Missouri [mi'zuari] Миссури the Rio Grande
[,г\:э(и)'дгхпй] Рио-Гранде the Columbia
[ka'lAmbia] Колумбия the Great Lakes
Великие озера (5 озер: Мичиган, Онтарио, Гурон,
Верхнее озеро и Эри) the Gulf of Mexico [,дл№ av 'meksikau] Мексиканский залив Florida ['florida] Флорида Los Angeles [bs 'aend3ali:z] Лос-Анджелес Chicago [fitegau] Чикаго Philadelphia [,fila'delfia] Филадельфия Detroit [di'troit] Детройт San-Francisco [.saenfran'siskau] Сан-Франциско the Congress ['koggres] Конгресс the Senate ['senit] Сенат the House of Representatives [,repri'zentativz | Палата представителей the Republican [ri'pAblikan] and the Democratic Ldema'kraetik]
parties Республиканская и Демократическая
партии Vocabulary to occupy ['okjupai] занимать southern ['злдап] южный to stretch тянуться, простираться to include [in'klu:d] включать total area [ .tautl 'earia] общая площадь to border [ bo:da] on фаничить с sea-border морская
граница federal ['federal]
федеральный lowlands
[laulandz] низменность, долина, низина to be located
[lau'keitid] находиться, быть расположенным to vary [veari]
меняться, варьировать arctic ['a:ktik]
арктический continental
[,kont'rnentl] континентальный subtropical
[,sAb'tropikl] субтропический typhoon [tai'ftrn]
тайфун coast ['kaust] побережье highly developed [divelapt] высокоразвитый copper медь oil ['oil] нефть iron ore ['aian ,o:] железная руда coal ['kaul] каменный уголь manufacturing [,msenju'fsektjarir)] промышленный aircraft ['eakra:ft] самолеты, самолетостроение textile ['tekstail] текстиль armament ['a:mamant] вооружение origin ['orid3in] происхождение Chinese [tfai'nhz]
китайский; китаец according
[a'kotdirj] to в соответствии с, согласно, по powers f'pauaz] полномочия branch [bra:ntj] ветвь the executive [ig'zekjutiv] исполнительная власть the legislative [,led3is'leitiv] законодательная власть the judicial [d3u:'dijal] судебная власть Questions 1. Where is the USA situated? 2. What's the total area of the country? 3. What countries does the USA border on? 4. How many states does the USA consist of? 5. What is the capital of the country? 6. Can you name any other cities in the USA? 7. What is the population of the United States? 8. What mountains in the USA do you know? 9. What are the largest rivers? 10. What can you say about the climate of the country? 11. What does the USA produce? 12. According to the US Constitution the powers of the
government are divided into 3 branches. What are they? 13. How many chambers does the Congress of the USA
consist? 14. What are the main political parties in the USA? 15. Who is the US President now? WASHINGTON,
DC Washington is the capital of the United States of
America. It's situated in the District of Columbia and is like no other city in
the USA. It's the world's largest one-industry city. And that industry is
government. The White House, where the US President lives and works, the
Capitol, the home of the US Congress, and the Supreme Court, are all in
Washington. Washington was named after the first US President
George Washington. He selected the place for the capital and Pierre
L'Enfant, a French engineer, designed the city. Washington was first settled in 1790 and since 1800 it
has been the federal capital. Washington is one of the most beautiful and unusual
cities in the United States. In the very centre of it rises the huge dome of
the Capitol — a big white dome standing on a circle of pillars. The 535 members
of the Congress meet here to discuss the nation's affairs. It's easy to get
lost in this huge building, full of paintings and statues. Not far from the Capitol is the Library of Congress,
the largest library in the States. It contains more than 13 million books, more
than 19 million manuscripts, including the personal papers of the US
presidents. The White House is the official residence of the US
President. He works in the Oval Office. One can hardly find a park, a square or an open area
in Washington without a monument or a memorial. The most impressive and the
best-known ones are the Lincoln Memorial and the Washington Monument. There are some important museums in Washington where
you can see all kinds of things: famous paintings and sculptures, the dresses
of Presidents's wives, the original of the Declaration of Independence, the
largest blue diamond in the world, etc. There are 5 universities in Washington. There are no skyscrapers in Washington, because they
would hide the city's many monuments from view. No building in the city may be
more than 40 metres tall. Thousands of tourists visit Washington every day.
People from all parts of the United States come to see their capital. Names Washington ['woJiQtan] Вашингтон the District of Columbia |,distrikt av Кэ'1лтЫэ] округ Колумбия the White House
Белый Дом (резиденция президента США) the Capitol
['kaepital] Капитолий (здание конгресса США) the Congress ['korjgres] Конгресс the Supreme Court [su:(sju:) ,pri:m 'ko:t] Верховный суд Pierree L'Enfant [pi,ea la:n'fa:nt] Пьер Ланфан the Library of Congress Библиотека конгресса Oval ['auvi]
Office Овальный кабинет (рабочий кабинет президента
США) the Lincoln
Memorial ['liQkan mi'mo:rial] памятник Линкольну the Washington
Monument о белиск в честь Джорджа Вашингтона the Declaration of Independence [,dekle'reijn av Jnda'pendans]
Декларация независимости (приня- та 4 июля 1776
года вторым континентальным конгрессом в
период войны за независимость Северной Америки
(1775—1783); провозглашала Отделение колоний
от метрополии и образова- ние
самостоятельного государства — США) Vocabulary to design
[di'zain] проектировать, создавать to settle ['sell]
поселять, заселять huge [hju:d3]
огромный, колоссальный dome fdaum] купол circle ['S3:kl] круг pillar f'pila] столб, колонна affair [a'fea] дело to get lost заблудиться to contain [kan'tein] содержать manuscript ['maenjuskript] рукопись personal ['рз:зпэ1] papers личные бумаги official residence [a,fijl 'rezidans] официальная резиденция ibmpressive
[im'presiv] производящий впечатление,
впечатляющий original [a'rid3inl] оригинал diamond ['daiamand] алмаз, бриллиант skyscraper ['skai,skreipa] небоскреб Questions 1. Where is Washington situated? 2. Is Washington a typical American city? 3. It's the world's largest one-industry city, isn't
it? What kind of industry is it? 4. What important government buildings are situated in
Washington? 5. Where does the US president live and work? 6. Who selected the place for the capital of the USA? 7. Is there a monument to George Washington in the
city? 8. When was Washington first settled? 9. Who designed the capital of the USA? 10. What places of interest in Washington do you know? 11. How many universities are there in Washington? 12. Why aren't there any skyscrapers in Washington? THE
RUSSIAN FEDERATION The Russian Federation is the largest country in the
world. It occupies about one-seventh of the earth's surface. It covers the
eastern part of Europe and the northern part of Asia. Its total area is about
17 million square kilometres. The country is washed by 12 seas of 3 oceans: the
Pacific, the Arctic and the Atlantic. In the south Russia borders on China,
Mongolia, Korea, Kazakhstan, Georgia and Azerbaijan. In the west it borders on
Norway, Finland, the Baltic States, Belorussia, the Ukraine. It also has a
sea-border with the USA. There's hardly a country in the world where such a
variety of scenery and vegetation can be found. We have steppes in the south,
plains and forests in the midland, tundra and taiga in the north, highlands and
deserts in the east. There are two great plains in Russia: the Great
Russian Plain and the West Siberian Lowland. There are several mountain chains
on the territory of the country: the Urals, the Caucasus, the Altai and others.
The largest mountain chain, the Urals, separates Europe from Asia. There are over two million rivers in Russia. Europe's
biggest river, the Volga, flows into the Caspian Sea. The main Siberian rivers
- - the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena — flow from the south to the north. The
Amur in the Far East flows into the Pacific Ocean. Russia is rich in beautiful lakes. The world's deepest
lake (1,600 metres) is Lake Baikal. It's much smaller than the Baltic Sea, but
there's much more water in it than in the Baltic Sea. The water in the lake is
so clear that if you look down you can count the stones on the bottom. Russia has one-sixth of the world's forests. They are
concentrated in the European north of the country, in Siberia and in the Far
East. On the vast territory of the country there are various
types of climate, from arctic in the north to subtropical in the south. In the
middle of the country the climate is temperate and continental. Russia is very rich in oil, coal, iron ore, natural
gas, copper, nickel and other mineral resources. Russia is a parliamentary republic. The Head of State
is the President. The legislative powers are exercised by the Duma. The capital of Russia is Moscow. It's its largest
political, scientific, cultural and industrial centre. It's one of the oldest
Russian cities. At present, the political and economic situation in
the country is rather complicated. The industrial production is decreasing. The
prices are constantly rising, the rate of inflation is rather high. People are
losing their jobs because many factories and plants are going bankrupt. But in spite of the problems Russia is facing at
present, there are a lot of opportunities for this country to become one of the
leading countries in the world. I'm sure that we, the younger generation, can
do very much to make Russia as strong and powerful as it used to be. Names the Russian Federation [,feda'reijn] Российская Федерация Europe ['ju:arap] Европа Asia ['eifa] Азия the Pacific Ocean [pa,sifik 'aujn] Тихий океан the Arctic Ocean [,a:ktik 'aujn] Северный Ледовитый океан the Atlantic Ocean [a,tl3entik 'aujn] Атлантический океан China ['tjaina] Китай Mongolia [morj'gaulia] Монголия Korea [kau'ria] Корея Kazakhstan [,kaezaek'sta:n] Казахстан Georgia ['0(30:0)33] Грузия Azerbaijan [,aezabai'd3a:n] Азербайджан Norway ['no:wei] Норвегия Finland [linlend] Финляндия the Baltic ['bo:ltik] States Прибалтийские государства Belorus [,belau'rus] Беларусь the Ukraine [ju:'krein] Украина the Great Russian Plain Русская (Восточно-Европейская) равнина the West Siberian [sai'biarian] Lowland Западно-Сибирская низменность the Urals ['juaralz] Уральские горы the Caucasus ['ko:kasas] Кавказ the Altai [/O'tai] Алтай the Volga ['volga] Волга the Caspian ['kaespian] Sea Каспийское море the Ob [ob], [o:pj] Обь the Yenisei [jeni'sei] Енисей Amur [э'тиэ] Амур Lake Baikal [bai'ka:!] озеро Байкал the Baltic ['boiltikj Sea Балтийское море Siberia [sai'biaria] Сибирь the Far East Дальний Восток Vocabulary to occupy ['okjupai] занимать surface ['S3:fls] поверхность eastern [1:stan] восточный northern ['пэ:Ээп] северный total area [,tautl 'earia] общая площадь square [skwea] квадратный kilometre ['kila,mi:ta] километр to wash омывать to border f'bo:da] on граничить с sea-border морская граница There's hardly a country in the world... Едва ли найдется
страна... variety
[va'raiati] разнообразие, множество scenery ['shnari]
пейзаж, ландшафт vegetation
[,ved3i'teijn] растительность steppe [step]
степь plain равнина midland ['midland]
средняя полоса tundra ['Undra]
тундра taiga [tai'ga:]
тайга highland
['hailand] нагорье, высокогорная местность desert ['dezat]
пустыня chain цепь to separate ['separeit] разделять to flow [Паи] into впадать Siberian [sai'biarian] сибирский to count ['kaunt] считать bottom ['botam] дно to concentrate ['konsantreit] сосредотачиваться, концентрироваться European [juara'phsn] европейский vast [va:st] обширный territory ['teritari] территория various [vearias] различный climate ['klaimit] климат, климатический пояс arctic ['a:ktik] арктический subtropical [,s/to'tropikl] субтропический temperate ['tempi-it] умеренный continental [,konti'nentl] континентальный oil [oil] нефть coal [kaul] уголь iron ore ['aian ,o:] железная руда copper медь mineral resources [ri'soisiz] полезные ископаемые parliamentary [,pa:la'mentri] парламентский head of state глава государства legislative [Jedjis'leitiv] законодательный powers f'pauaz] полномочия to exercise f'eksasaiz] осуществлять, выполнять scientific [,saian'tffik] научный complicated ['komplikeitid] сложный, запутанный to decrease [di'kri:s] снижаться, падать constantly ['konstantli] постоянно the rate of inflation [in'fleijn] уровень инфляции to go bankrupt ['baerjkrApt] обанкротиться in spite of несмотря на the younger generation [,d3ena'reijn] молодое поколение powerful ['pauaful] могучий Questions 1. Where is the Russian Federation situated? 2. What is the total area of the country? 3. What countries does Russia border on? 4. What mountain chain separates Europe from Asia? 5. How many rivers are there in Russia? 6. Which is the longest river in Europe? 7. What do you know about Lake Baikal? 8. Do you know what strait separates Russia from
America? 9. What mineral resources is the Russian Federation
rich in? 10. What is the climate like in Russia? 11. What can you say about the present economic
situation in Russia? 12. What great Russians do you know? MOSCOW Moscow is the capital of Russia, its political,
economic, commercial and cultural centre. It was founded 8 centuries ago by
Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. Historians have accepted the year of 1147 as the start
of Moscow's history. Gradually the city became more and more powerful. In
the 13th century Moscow was the centre of the straggle of Russian lands for the
liberation from the tartar yoke. In the 16th century under Ivan the Terrible
Moscow became the capital of the new united state. Though Peter the Great moved
the capital to St Petersburg in 1712, Moscow remained the heart of Russia. That
is why it became the main target of Napoleon's attack. Three-quarters of the
city was destroyed by fire during Napoleon's occupation, but by the mid-19th
century Moscow had been completely restored. After the October revolution
Moscow became the capital again. Now Moscow is one of the largest cities in Europe. Its
total area is about nine hundred square kilometres (ancient Moscow occupied the
territory of the present-day Kremlin). The population of the city is over 9
million. Moscow is one of the most beautiful cities in the
world. The heart of Moscow is Red Square. It has more historic associations
than any other place in Moscow. The Kremlin and St Basil's Cathedral (Vasily
Blazheny) are masterpieces of ancient Russian architecture. The main Kremlin tower, the Spasskaya Tower, has
become the symbol of the country. On the territory of the Kremlin you can see
old cathedrals, the Bell Tower of Ivan the Great, the Tzar-Cannon and the
Tzar-Bell, the biggest cannon and bell in the world. St Basil's Cathedral was
built in the mid-16th century in memory of the victory over Kazan. There's a
legend that Ivan the Terrible blinded the architects Barma and Postnik, because
he didn't want them to create another masterpiece. There are a lot of beautiful palaces, old mansions,
cathedrals, churches and monuments in Moscow. Now Moscow is being reconstructed
and we all hope that in a few years the city will become even more beautiful. There are more than 100 museums in Moscow. The largest
museums are the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and the State Tretyakov Gallery.
Other unique museums in Moscow include the All-Russia Museum of Folk Arts, the
Andrei Rublev Museum of Early Russian Art, Alexei Bakhrushin Theatre Museum,
Mikhail Glinka Museum of Musical Culture and many others. Moscow is famous for its theatres. The best-known of
them is the Bolshoi Opera House. Drama theatres and studios are also very
popular. Moscow is a city of students. There are over 100
higher educational institutions in it. Moscow is the seat of the Russian Parliament (the
Duma) and the centre of political life of the country. Names Ivan the Terrible [,aivn da 'teribl] Иван Грозный Peter the Great [greit] Петр Великий (Петр I) St Petersburg [sant 'pi:tazb3:g] Санкт-Петербург Napoleon [na'paulian] Наполеон St Basil's Cathedral [sant ,baezlz kaG'hdral] собор Василия Блаженного the Bell Tower ['taua] of Ivan the Great Колокольня Ивана Великого the Tzar-Cannon ['za:(tsa:) 'kaenan] Царь-пушка the Tzar-Bell ['za:(tsa:) 'bel] Царь-колокол Barma [Ьэ'та:] and Postnik ['paustnik] Барма и Постник the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts Музей
изобразительных искусств имени Пушкина Kazan [ka'zaen]
Казань the State Tretyakov ['tretjakof] Gallery ['gaeleri] Государственная Третьяковская галерея the All-Russia Museum of Folk [fauk] Arts Всероссийский
музей декоративного, прикладного и
народного искусства the Andrei Rublev Museum of Early Russian Art Музей
древнерусского искусства имени Андрея Рублева Alexei Bakhrushin
Theatre Museum Театральный музей
имени Бахрушина Mikhail Glinka ['gliQka] Museum of Musical Culture Музей музыкальной
культуры имени Глинки the Bolshoi
[,bol'Joi] Opera House Большой театр оперы и балета Vocabulary historian [his'to:rian] историк toaccept [ak'sept] принимать, допускать gradually ['graedjuali]
постепенно powerful ['pauaful]
сильный, могущественный liberation [Jiba'reijn] освобождение tartaryoke ['ta:ta 'jauk] татарское иго united [jurnaitid]
соединенный, объединенный to remain
[ri'mein] оставаться target f'ta:git]
мишень, цель, объект attack [a'tsek] нападение, атака to destroy [dis'troi] разрушать fire [faia] пожар occupation [pkju'peijn] оккупация completely [kam'pli:tli] полностью, целиком to restore [ris'to:] реставрировать, восстанавливать ancient f'einfant] древний masterpiece (;ma:stapi:s] шедевр architecture ['a:kitektja] архитектура architect ['a:kitakt] архитектор, зодчий tower ['taua] башня legend ['Ied3andj легенда to,blind [blaind] ослепить palace ['paelis] дворец mansion ['maenjn] особняк to reconstruct [/hkan'sti-Akt] перестраивать, восстанавливать unique [ju:'ni:k]
уникальный, единственный в своем роде drama ['dra:maj
theatre драматический театр studio ['stu:(stju:)diau]
студия, театр-студия higher educational institution высшее учебное заведение Questions 1. When was Moscow founded? 2. Is there a monument to Yuri Dolgoruky in Moscow?
Where is it? 3. When did Moscow become the capital? 4. In 1712 the capital was moved to St Petersburg,
wasn't it? When did Moscow become the capital again? 5. Was ancient Moscow a big city? What's the total
area of modern Moscow? 6. What's the population of Moscow? 7. What places of interest in the centre of Moscow do
you know? 8. What do you know about St Basil's Cathedral? 9. What can you see on the territory of the Kremlin? 10. What are the most famous Moscow museums? (art
galleries?) 11. What theatres in Moscow do you know? 12. What is your favorite place in Moscow? ST
PETERSBURG St Petersburg is the second largest city in Russia and
one of the most beautiful cities in the world. It was founded in 1703 by Peter
the Great as the "Window on the West". Thousands of workmen were
brought from all parts of Russia to build a new city on the swampy land at the
mouth of the Neva River. Peter the Great was in a hurry. The work was fast and
hard, and workmen dropped dead by the hundreds. But the work went on. In 1917 St Petersburg, a city of great beauty, with
palaces, cathedrals, churches, government buildings became the capital. Under
later rulers the new capital of the Russian Empire grew rapidly in wealth and
beauty. Architects were brought from western Europe to lay out the city in
harmonious squares. Buildings were constructed of grey and rose-coloured
granite. The Hermitage Palace and the Winter Palace, the homes of the tsars,
were equal to any in Europe. When the First World War began in 1914, the German-sounding
name, St Petersburg, was changed to Petrograd. After the October Revolution the
city was renamed after Lenin. During the Great Patriotic War the city suffered a
great deal. The German armies laid siege to it in 1941, and for the next year
and a half it was cut off from the rest of the country. No food could be
brought in, and people died of starvation. Daily shelling and air raids
destroyed parts of the city. Thousands of people were killed. Rebuilding took
years. Now St Petersburg is an important industrial, cultural
and educational centre. The population of the city is over 5 million. St Petersburg is indeed a wonderful city: at every
turn there's something to catch your eye. The Winter Palace, the Hermitage, the
Russian Museum, St Isaac's Cathedral, the Peter-and-Paul Fortress, the
Admiralty building attract thousands of tourists from every corner of the
world. Petersburg's many museums house some of the world's
most famous art collections. The Hermitage, for example, contains the richest collection
of pictures in the world. The city is called the Northern Venice because there
are 65 rivers, arms and canals there with artistically decorated bridges. It's
also famous for its beautiful white nights. Names St Petersburg [sent 'p!:tezb3:g] Санкт-Петербург Peter the
Great Петр Великий (Петр I) the Neva ['neiva] Нева the Hermitage ['haimitidj] Palace Эрмитаж the Winter Palace Зимний дворец Petrograd ['petragraed] Петроград the Russian Museum Русский музей St Isaac's Cathedral [sent ,aizaks ka-eh Исаакиевский собор the Peter-and-Paul Fortress ['pi:taran'po:l 'fcxtris] Петропавловская крепость the Admiralty ['aedmiralti] Адмиралтейство Vocabulary swampy ['swompi] болотистый mouth [таив] устье (реки) to drop dead [ded] упасть замертво by the hundreds сотнями ruler ['ru:la] правитель empire ['empale] империя rapidly ['raepidli] быстро to lay out планировать harmonious [ha:'meunjas] гармоничный granite ['graenrt]
гранит equal [1:kwal]
равный, не уступающий to rename переименовывать to suffer ['sAfa] страдать to lay siege [si:d3] to осадить starvation [sta:'veijn] голод shelling ['Jelirj] бомбежки air raid ['ea reid] воздушный налет to destroy [di'stroi] разрушать tocatchsmb'seyeпривлечь внимание, поразить to attract
[a'traekt] привлекать, притягивать arm рукав (реки) canal [ka'nael] канал artistically [a:'tistikali] мастерски to decorate ['dekareit] украшать bridge [brid3] мост Questions 1. Have you ever been to St Petersburg? 2. Is St Petersburg as old as Moscow? 3. Who was the city founded by and when did it become
the capital of the Russian Empire? 4. Peter I thought that Moscow looked provincial in
comparison with the capitals he had visited and decided to build a magnificent
city equal to any European capital. Did he succeed? 5. How many times has the city been renamed and why? 6. Did the city suffer a great deal during the Great
Patriotic War? 7. What is St Petersburg famous for? 8. Have you ever been to the Russian Museum? (the
Hermitage?) 9. What other places of interest in St Petersburg do
you know? 10. Why is St Petersburg called the Northern Venice? Literature and Arts LIBRARIES The word library comes from the Latin word liber,
meaning "a book". This is a place where information in print (books,
manuscripts, periodicals and musical scores) and in other forms is collected
and arranged to serve people of all ages and interests. Libraries appeared in ancient times in Egypt, Assyria,
Greece and Rome. Perhaps the most famous library of that early day was
at Alexandria. It was found by Ptolomy I. Ptolomy ordered the librarians to
collect all Greek texts as well as manuscripts in other languages from every
part of the known world. By the middle of the 1st century BC there were about
700,000 papyrus rolls in the library. The first libraries in Russia were established in
medieval monasteries. Public libraries were opened in the 19* century at the
Academy of Sciences and Moscow University. The library today is a centre for all kinds of
communications: printed, pictured, recorded, and even electronically stored.
People go to the library to read, look, listen, search, inquire, relax, discuss,
learn, and think. Libraries can be found in many places. There are
libraries in small towns and large cities, and there are libraries in schools,
universities, colleges. The largest and best known libraries in the world are:
the British National Library in London, the Library of Congress in Washington
and the Russian State Library. The national libraries of different countries keep in
touch and exchange books and information. Most libraries have a professionally educated staff
whose first duty is to help you. Librarians also select and purchase books and
other materials, organize materials so that you can easily use them, answer
questions about facts, people, events, or advise you how to find the
information you need. Many people have books at home. These are the books of
their favourite authors, dictionaries and reference books and the like. My
family also has a home library. It was my grandfather who started to collect it
at the beginning of this century. There are over two thousand books in it. The
authors I like most of all are Chekhov, Bulgakov, Fitzgerald, Cortasar and
others. Names Egypt [1:d3ipt] Египет Assyria [a'siria] Ассирия (древняя империя в Alexandria
[,aelig'za:ndri8] Александрия (город Западной Азии на реке Тигр) и порт в Египте,
основанный Александром Greece [gri:s] Греция Македонским) Rome [raum] Рим Ptolemy I ['tolami da 'f3:st] Птолемей I (первый представитель
эллинистической династии Птолемеев,
правившей в Египте в 305-30 гг. до н.э.;
полководец Александра Македонского) the Library of Congress Библиотека конгресса the Academy of Sciences [a,kaedami av 'saiansizj Академия наук the British National t'naejnl] Library Британская национальная
библиотека the Russian State
Library Российская государственная
библиотека Chekhov ['tjekof]
Чехов А.П. Bulgakov
[bul'ga:kof] Булгаков М.А. Fitzgerald
[,fits'd3erald] Фицджеральд Ф.С. (известный
американский писатель XXв.) Cortasar
[ko:'ta:sa] Кортасар X. (аргентинский писатель) Vocabulary information in
print информация в печатной форме manuscript
['maenjuskript] рукопись periodical
[piari'odikl] периодическое издание musical score
[sko:] музыкальная партитура to arrange
[a'reind3] приводить в порядок, классифицировать ancient ['einjnt]
древний, старинный to order ['o:ds] приказывать librarian [lai'brearian] библиотекарь BC [,bi."si:] до нашей эры (сокр. от Before Christ [kraist]) papyrus rolls [pa'paiaras 'raulz] папирусные свитки to establish
[is'taeblij] учреждать, основывать medieval
[,medi'i:val] средневековый monastery
['monastri] монастырь public library
публичная библиотека communication
[ka,mju:ni'keijn] передача информации,
общение, связь to record
[ri'kord] записывать (на пленку и т.п.) to store [sto:] хранить to search [sa:tf] искать to inquire [in'kwaia] наводить справки, узнавать to relax
[ri'laeks] отдыхать, развлекаться to keep in touch
with поддерживать связь с to exchange
[iks'tjeind3] обменивать(ся) staff [sta:f]
служебный персонал, штат duty ['dju:ti] долг to select [si'lekt] выбирать to purchase
[-p3:tjas] закупать, приобретать event [i'vent] событие reference ['refarans] book справочник and the like и тому подобное Questions 1. What word does the word "library" come
from? 2. What is a library? 3. Where did the first libraries appear? 4. What do you know about the famous library at
Alexandria? 5. What is the library today? 6. Where can libraries be found? 7. Why do people go to libraries? 8. What are the famous libraries of the world? 9. What do we call the people who help us in
libraries? 10. Have you got any books at home? 11. Who are your favourite authors? 12. Do you often borrow books from the library? WILLIAM
SHAKESPEARE William Shakespeare, the greatest and most famous of
English writers, and probably the greatest playwright who has ever lived, was
bom on the 23d of April, 1564, in Stratford-on-Avon. In spite of his fame we know very little about his
life. At the age of six he was sent to school, but had to leave it at the age
of 13. His father, John Shakespeare, was a glove-maker, and when he fell into
debt, William had to help him in the trade. Just what William did between his fourteenth and
eighteenth year isn't known. At the age of eighteen, he married Anne Hathaway.
Ann was eight years older than her husband and the marriage wasn't a happy one. When Shakespeare was twenty-one, he went to London. We
don't know why he left Stratford-on-Avon. There is a story that Shakespeare's first job in
London was holding rich men's horses at the theatre door. But nobody can be
sure that this story is true. Later, Shakespeare became an actor and a member of a
very successful acting company. It's highly probable that The Comedy of Errors,
Romeo and Juliet and some other plays by Shakespeare were performed for the
first time on this stage. Very soon, however, the actors were told that they
could no longer use the land that their theatre was built on and the company
had nowhere else to perform. There is a story that in the dead of night the
whole acting troop took down their theatre, timber by timber, brick by brick.
They carried it across the river and rebuilt it. The new theatre was called the
Globe. Shakespeare's Globe was rather different from modern
theatres. The plays were performed in the open air and the audience got wet if
it rained. There was no scenery, very few props, and the only lighting was the
daylight that came from the open roof above. Women in those days weren't
allowed to act in public and all the parts (even Juliet!) were played by men.
Much of the audience stood to watch the performance and moved around, talking
with each other and throwing fruit at the stage if they didn't like something. Shakespeare wrote 37 plays: 10 tragedies (such as
Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, Macbeth), 17 comedies (such as As You Like It,
Twelfth Night, Much Ado About Nothing), 10 historical plays (such as Henry IV,
Richard III.). He also left 7 books of poems. Most of Shakespeare's plays were not published in his
lifetime. So some of them may have been lost in the fire when the Globe burnt
down in 1613. Shakespeare spent the last years of his life at
Stratford, where he died, ironically, on the same date as his birthday, the 23d
of April, 1616. He was buried in the church of Stratford. A monument was
erected to the memory of the great playwright in the Poet's Corner in
Westminster Abbey. In 1997, Shakespeare's Globe was restored. Names William Shakespeare [,wiliam -feikspia] Вильям Шекспир Stratford-on-Avon [,straetfad on 'eivn] Стрэтфорд-на-Эвоне Anne Hathaway ['haeSawei] Анна Хатавей The Comedy of Errors [da 'komadi av 'eraz] Комедия Ошибок Romeo and Juliet [/aumiau and 'd3ii:liat] Ромео и Джульетта the Globe ['glaub] Глобус Hamlet ['haemlit] Гамлет King Lear [,kit) lie] Король Лир Othello [a'Selau] Отелло Macbeth [mak'beG] Макбет As You Like It Как
вам это понравится Twelfth Night [,twelf0 'nait] Двенадцатая ночь Much Ado [a'du:] About Nothing Много шума из ничего Henry IV [,henri da 'fo:9] Генрих IV Richard III [,ritfad За 03:d] Ричард III Westminster Abbey [,westminstar 'aebi] Вестминстерское аббатсво Vocabulary playwright ['pleirait] драматург fame ['feim] слава glove-maker ['gl/wmeika] перчаточник to fall into debt ['del] влезть в долги trade [treid] ремесло marriage ['maeridj] брак to hold [tiauld] (held) держать member ['memba] член successful [sak'sesfal] удачливый, имеющий успех acting company ['tampani] театральная труппа it's highly probable ['prababl] весьма вероятно to perform [pa'fo:m] играть, исполнять stage [steid3] сцена
